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The process of decline in the Western Roman Empire in which the Empire failed to enforce its rule, and its vast territory was divided into several successor polities. The Roman Empire lost the strengths that had allowed it to exercise effective control over its Western provinces
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The name of the period refers to the movement of so-called barbarian peoples—including the Huns, Goths, Vandals, Bulgars, Alani, Suebi, and Franks—into what had been the Western Roman Empire. The term “Dark Ages” is now rarely used by historians because of the value judgment it implies. Though sometimes taken to derive its meaning from the dearth of information about the period, the term’s more usual and pejorative sense is of a period of intellectual darkness and barbarity.
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A period in the history of Europe, during and after the decline of the Western Roman Empire, during which there was widespread migration of and invasions by peoples, notably the Germanic tribes and the Huns, within or into the Roman Empire.
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Muhammad was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam.
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Chant is the central tradition of Western plainchant, a form of monophonic, unaccompanied sacred song in Latin (and occasionally Greek) of the Roman Catholic Church.
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a combination of the legal, economic, military and cultural customs that flourished in Medieval Europe between the 9th and 15th centuries. Broadly defined, it was a way of structuring society around relationships that were derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labour.
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The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Latin Church in the medieval period.
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a plainchant melody with at least one added voice to enhance the harmony, developed in the Middle Ages.
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An allegorical morality play, or liturgical drama, by St. Hildegard, composed c. 1151, during the construction and relocation of her Abbey at Rupertsberg.
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a composer from around the late 12th century, associated with the Notre Dame school of polyphony in Paris and the ars antiqua musical style.
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an introductory piece of music, most commonly an orchestral opening to an act of an opera, the first movement of a suite, or a piece preceding a fugue.
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a term used to describe the main eucharistic liturgical service in many forms of Western Christianity. The term Mass is commonly used in the Catholic Church and Anglican churches, as well as some Lutheran churches, Methodist, Western Rite Orthodox and Old Catholic churches.
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French art song of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. The chanson before 1500 is preserved mostly in large manuscript collections called chansonniers.
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pandemic that ravaged Europe between 1347 and 1351, taking a proportionately greater toll of life than any other known epidemic or war up to that time.
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At its height the empire encompassed most of southeastern Europe to the gates of Vienna, including present-day Hungary, the Balkan region, Greece, and parts of Ukraine
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The study of classical antiquity, at first in Italy and then spreading across Western Europe in the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries.
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the 14th century as a period of Italian art, architecture, or literature.
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Bass singer who served the 3 king. He didnt use much imitation and was an important teacher.
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The rapid economic and socio-cultural development of late medieval society in Europe created favorable intellectual and technological conditions for Gutenberg's improved version of the printing press
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French composer. He was considered by Martin Luther to be the "best of the composers of our time" and "the master of the notes;" he had not peer in music.
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Italian painter, draftsman, sculptor, architect, and engineer whose genius, perhaps more than that of any other figure, epitomized the Renaissance humanist ideal.
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Leading composer at the Burgundiuan court. He frequently used canons and ostinato's.
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Italian composer and singer who raised the frottla to a level of sophistication
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a musical instrument designed by Leonardo da Vinci. It uses a friction belt to vibrate individual strings (similar to how a violin produces sounds), with the strings selected by pressing keys on a keyboard
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An Italian lutenist and composer. More of his music is preserved than of any other lutenist of the period, and his work continued to influence composers for more than a century after his death.
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Dutch composer who was famous for his madrigals and his 3 to 7-voice masses.
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a musical setting of the Ordinary of the Mass by Franco-Flemish composer Josquin des Prez, probably dating from around 1515, near the end of his life.
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Composer who mixed polyphony and homophony. He was one of the most prolific composers of the Renaissance.
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English organist and composer of the Shakespearean age who is best known for his development of the English madrigal. He also wrote virginal and organ music that elevated the English keyboard style.
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Prompted by the Reformation, the Council of Trent was highly important for its sweeping decrees on self-reform and for its dogmatic definitions that clarified virtually every doctrine contested by the Protestants.
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One of the founders of opera; gave a descritption of the new singing style ine his book of "songs" of 1692, Le nuove musiche; Italian composer, singer, teacher, and instrumentalist
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Italian musical genre of the late 16th century, a cycle of vocal pieces in the style of the madrigal and lighter Italian secular forms that are connected by a vague plot or common theme.
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English playwright and poet; he has been an important force in the field of music from his day to ours
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The most important composer of the early Baroque; one of the inventors of the new seconda pratica
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a group of intellectuals that met to discuss the arts-- members included Caccini, Peri, Girolamo Mei, Vincenzo Galilei