-
Civil War (1861-1865)
- Russia found itself in the middle of a Civil War between the Red and White Armies.
- the Red Army as comprised of the Bolsheviks and their supporters
- the White Army was comprised of the pro-czarists, anti-communists, foreign troops, etc.
- Bolsheviks were victorious significance: Russia struggled to support their army
-
Period: to
The Russian Revolution
-
The Reign of Czar Alexander III (1881-1894)
- Anti-Semitic sentiment, Russia was against Jews. Alexander III accused Jews of buying too much land.
- Nobles were protected by Alexander III, when most people were peasants but he didn't care much about them.
- Alexander's 3 principle aims were one-man rule, one religion, and one race. -significance: set stage for Russian people being unhappy with Czar
-
Th Reign of Czar Nicholas II (1894-1917)
- Thought he should rule with the Russian monarchy (Autocracy.). His subjects didn't like this, revolted.
- People of Russia struggled economically and agriculturally. Struggling to industrialize. Czar ignored the issues of the people. -Nicholas II created Duma, an elected legislature. He created it to change the government into a constitutional monarchy.
- WW I impacted Nicholas' power. He was unprepared, and blamed for the failure.
- Abdicated throne in March 1917. Provisional government.
-
The Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905)
- Russia and Japan were in competition over territories in Northern China
- Japan was more industrialized than Russia, they had more ground troops and better navy
- Unrest over social conditions in Russia grew. Led to Russian Revolution. -Russia loses war
- General strike compelled Czar to change Russia to Constitutional Monarchy. They blamed Czar Nick.
- Duma created -significance: Led to Russian revolution
-
Establishment of the Duma (1905)
-an elected legislature
-Nicholas II created it to change government to Constitutional monarchy.
-This was purely to make people happy -
Bloody Sunday (January 22, 1905)
-200,000 workers marched to Czar's palace to present Czar with list of grievances and to demand relief from working and living conditions.
-Czar wasn't home.
-Police opened fire, 100 people killed and 3,000 injured.
- long term consequences: uprising across country and lessened beliefs about government.
-Czar Nick blamed.
-Duma created.
-significance: Russian people had uprising and a lessened belief in the government. -
Russia's Participation in WWI (1914-1917)
-Czar Nicholas unprepared and blamed for failure in WWI.
-He abdicated throne in March 1917
-As a result, a Provisional government was set uo. -
Death of Rasputin (1916)
- He was an uneducated peasant. -The Czar's wife was so devoted to him. -WWI turned Russian people against Rasputin because there were rumors Rasputin convinced Czar's wife to replace ministers with incompetent friends of his.
- A Russian noble tried to poison him with cake (twice), it didn't work so he shot him (twice), it didn't work so they wrapped him up and dumped him in river where he died from drowning. -Significance: Czar blamed for leaving government in hands of Alexandra and Rasputin
-
Abdication of Czar Nicholas II/ Establishment of Provisional Government (1917)
-Czar Nicholas II was unprepared and blamed for the failure of Russia in WWI.
-He abdicated his throne in March 1917.
-significance: as a result, a temporary Provisional Government was set up. -
Bolshevik Revolution (1917)
- Provisional Government was unpopular, it refused to end Russia's involvement in WW I, and refused to redistribute land to peasants. significance: Provisional Government overthrown by the Bolsheviks, which was the Bolshevik Revolution
-
Establishment of USSR (1922)
- this stands for the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
- based on Marxist Socialism
- all levels of government controlled by the Communist Party significance: it grew into one of the world's most powerful and influential states
-
Lenin's Death (1924)
- Vladimir Lenin died from a stroke in 1924. significance: Lenin's government nationalized industry and distributed land, so his death was very significant.
-
Stalin's Rise to Power (1929)
-Soviet Union transformed from peasant society to industrial and military superpower.
-Ruled by terror, millions died during his awful reign.
significance: he was so brutal and had enemies executed or sent into forced labor camps, so when he died, the Soviets initiated a process of de-Stalinization. -
Leon Trotsky's Exile (1929)
- Joseph Stalin exiled Leon Trotsky to remote Soviet Central Asia, specifically a place called Alma-Ata.
- He was there in exile for about a year until Joseph Stalin banished him from the USSR forever. -he was eventually assassinated. significance: he was a rival for power in the Soviet Union to Joseph Stalin, so Stalin was very determined to get rid of him.
