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March 1917 Revolution
The first revolution, due to the economic state Russia was left in after the first world war many workers revolted against the Czar. The Czar sent the Cossacks (Elite Russian Soldiers) to put an end to the revolt but unexpectingly the Cossacks went against the Czar's orders and joined the revolution. Later lead to the Provisional Government and an end to the rule of the Czar. -
Provisional Government
After the abdication of the Czar (Nicholas II), the Provisional Government came into power. The government consisted of Liberals and Marxists. The Provisional Government's main failure was not realizing or helping the condition Russia was in. -
April Thesis
"Peace, bread and land", a quote by Vladimir Lenin addressing Russia's most serious problems at the time. Lening wasn't happy with the revolution's progress so he made the April thesis and the popular quote, "Peace, bread and land", appealing to the population with it. -
Kornilov Affair
Kerensky, who led the socialists and Kornilov, who led the Constitutional Democrats formed and alliance which was broken when Kerensky was betrayed by Kornilov who tryed to make it into a coup. Kerensky saved the revolution when he appealed to the Bolsheviks who removed Kornilov as Commander-in-Chief and imprisoned him and 30 other officers involved. -
Bolshevik Revolution
Unlike the March Revolution, the Bolshevik revolution was planned. The Bolsheviks seized control of Petrograd and then of Moscow once Lening returned on October 23rd. Along with the Bolsheviks, Lenin and Trotsky replaced the Provisional Governement, the Provisional Government showed little resistance. -
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Civil War
Between the Bolsheviks (Reds) and the Czar and his forces (Whites). Allies also came and helped out the Whites but due to ill planned attacks the Reds were able to fight them off and win. -
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Russia's governement wasn't able to solve its economic problems while fighting the on going war so it made a peace treaty with Germany and Russia left the war. -
War Communism
Nationalization of indusrty was extended, compulsory labour was introduced, peasants had to give their food/goods to the army and rationing replaced private trade. -
New Government
Lenin's plans with the new government were to immediately end the war and to allow peasants to have farm land. -
New Economic Policy (NEP)
Lenin, seeing that War Communism wasn't helping Russia's economy recover, began the New Economic Policy (NEP) which allowed private ownership and some private trade. This however went against his Marxist beliefs. -
Treaty of Rapallo
A treaty between the USSR and Germany in which the USSR would be manufacturing illegal war material and giving it to Germany which went against the agreements during the treaty of Versaille. Germany would in return give the USSR steel. -
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The Five Year Plan
A plan Stalin created that forced industrialization upon Russia. In 1928 was the first five year plan created a blueprint of command economy and made collectivizations mandatory. The second five year plan was introduced in 1933 and it led to the purges. -
Kellogg-Briand Pact
A pact that agreed that war could only be used as an act of self defense. It was signed by the US, Italy, France, Germany, Japan, and along with other countries. -
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Normalization
Russian Governement tried to normalize Russia again by making international agreements and joining the league of nations. -
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The Purges
Stalin basically eliminated anyone that opposed him or got in his way. This included trained army generals, new, less experienced generals took their place thus hurting Russia's army strength. -
League of Nations
The Soviets joined the League of Nations but were later kicked out becuase of their conflicts with Finland. -
Nazi-Soviet Pact
Agreement that made Germany and Russia neutral. This helped Germany because they now didn't have to fight a war on two fronts and it helped Russia by giving it time to create her own army.
