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570
Birth of Muhammad
Muhammad was born in Mecca. http://www.pbs.org/muhammad/timeline_html.shtml -
Jan 1, 610
First Revelation
Muhammad recieves his first revelation. http://www.pbs.org/muhammad/timeline_html.shtml -
Jan 1, 622
Muhammad's Flight to Medina
Muhammad's flight to Medina was to escape persecutions by the Umayyads. http://www.pbs.org/muhammad/timeline_html.shtml -
Jan 1, 630
Triumph of Muhammad
Muhammad was in control of a large part of Arabia. http://www.pbs.org/muhammad/timeline_html.shtml -
Jan 1, 632
Death of Muhammad
Muhammad died suddenly after a brief illness. http://www.pbs.org/muhammad/timeline_html.shtml -
Jan 1, 632
1st Caliph - Abu Bakr (632 - 634)
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Period: Jan 1, 632 to Jan 1, 661
Era of Rightly Guided Caliphs
Caliphs who truly followed in the prophets foot steps http://www.missionislam.com/knowledge/The%20Rightly-Guided%20Caliphs.htm -
Jan 1, 633
633-644 Muslim Conquest of Persia
Led to the end of the Sasanian Empire and the eventual decline of the Zoroastrian religion in Iran. http://www.iranchamber.com/history/islamic_conquest/islamic_conquest.php -
Jan 1, 634
2nd Caliph- Umar (634-644)
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Jan 1, 644
3rd Caliph- Uthman (644-656)
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Jan 1, 650
650’s Quran Compiled
Words were collected as they were revealed to the prophet Muhammad. http://islam.about.com/od/quran/a/Compilation-Of-The-Quran.htm -
Jan 1, 656
4th Caliph- Ali (656-661)
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Jan 1, 656
656 Civil War- Emergence of the Sunni/Shi’a split
•Ali becomes the fourth caliph after his predecessor is assassinated. Some among the Muslims rebel against him. Shi’as believed that the leadership should belong to stay within the family of the prophet Muhammad. The next in line was Ali, Muhammad’s cousin and son-in-law. Sunnis believed that the community should all choose who the leadership rightfully should fall onto. http://www.npr.org/2007/02/12/7280905/chronology-a-history-of-the-shia-sunni-split -
Jan 1, 657
657-750 Umayyad Caliphate Years of Rule
After Ali is assassinated, Mu'awiya becomes the fifth Muslim caliph, establishing the Umayyad dynasty.
With the entire middle east under their control, the Arabs make Damascus the capital of the Umayyad caliphate in 670. http://www.historyworld.net/timesearch/default.asp?conid=1061&bottomsort=208005&direction=NEXT&keywords=Caliphs%20timeline&timelineid= -
Jan 1, 711
711-718 Conquest of Spain
Muslim Arabs cross from North Africa into Spain and drive the Visigoths from Toledo. The Visigoths
establish a kingdom of last resort in the extreme north of Spain. http://www.historyworld.net/timesearch/default.asp?keywords=conquest+of+spain&sort2=&bottomsort=&topsort=&direction=&timelineid=&getyear=NaN&viewtext=extended&conid=timeline&event_number=20&date=711 -
Nov 12, 750
750-1258 Abbasid Caliphate Years of Rule
The Abbasids massacre the Umayyads in Damascus and establish a new caliphate. They create Baghdad as the new capital city on the Tigris. Life here is luxury, until 1258 when Hulagu and his Mongol army reach Baghdad. It is said that 800,000 of the inhabitants are killed - and the caliph is kicked to death.
http://www.historyworld.net/timesearch/default.asp?conid=1061&bottomsort=208005&direction=NEXT&keywords=Caliphs%20timeline&timelineid -
Jan 1, 756
Baghdad established as capital of Abbasid Caliphate: 756 C.E.
It was founded by al-Mansur on the Tigris River. This was the beginning of the spread of Islam because they start to combine with the Persians. http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?ParagraphID=eds#137
http://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/HIST101-9.3.1-AbbasidDynasty-FINAL.pdf -
Jan 1, 1099
Crusaders seize Jerusalem
The Crusaders took hold of Jerusalem in 1099. This happened during the First Crusade. The area of Jerusalem was formerly captured by the Seljuk Turks. After reaching the city and building 3 large siege towers, the Crusaders started to penetrate Jerusalem walls. Muslims later defeat the Crusaders and regain control of Jerusalem. http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/jerusalem-captured-in-first-crusade
http://www.fsmitha.com/h3/casia01b.htm
http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/crusades.htm -
Jan 1, 1206
Delhi Sultanate established in India 1206 C.E
In 1192, Muslim general Muhammad Ghor captured Delhi. He later started a dynasty of rulers which would be later called the Delhi Sultanate. This began with the Slave dynasty. http://quatr.us/india/history/delhi.htm
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Delhi_Sultanate -
Jan 1, 1258
Mongols sack Baghdad; formal end of Abbasid Caliphate
The Mongols sacked Baghdad in 1258. They showed no mercy and destroyed every little thing in Baghdad. This includes libraries and books that were thrown into the Tigris. Islam’s goal was to restore this lost caliphate. http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/baghdad-sacked-mongols
http://lostislamichistory.com/mongols/ -
Jan 1, 1324
Mansa Musa pilgrimage to Mecca
Mansa Musa, the emperor of the Mali Empire, set out on his pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324. He brought back a large amount of gold, while some gold was given to the poor. Musa’s contributions to Mali included designing mosques, giving to charity, and boosted education. http://www.blackpast.org/gah/musa-mansa-1280-1337
http://www.britannica.com/biography/Musa-I-of-Mali -
Jan 1, 1453
Ottoman Empire conquers Constantinople, end of Byzantine Empire
In 1453, Constantinople was conquered by the Ottomans. They became one of the most powerful empires. This conquest helped bring umma together from all over. The city of Constantinople later became the city of Istanbul in Turkey. http://www.greatistanbul.com/conquest.html
http://www.theottomans.org/english/campaigns_army/1453-the-conquest.asp -
Jan 1, 1492
Christian re-conquest of Spain completed; end of Muslim Spain
Ferdinand and Isabella forced surrender of Granada. Muslims and Jews had to either convert to Christianity, or be forced out of Spain. http://blog.oup.com/2012/03/ferdinand-isabella-order-expulsion-jews-spain/
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/reconquest-of-spain -
Jan 1, 1526
Mughal Empire established in India
The Mughal Empire was established in 1526. It was founded by the Mongo leader Babur. This helped spread Islam, and spread Muslim culture. http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Mughal_Empire
http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/mughalempire_1.shtml -
Emergence of Sufism 800-1000:
Sufism was formed in 675 C.E. It originated in the Middle East and had over 9 million followers. Sufism can be considered as a branch of Islam. Sufis strive to absorb the knowledge of their religion from Allah and seek the divine truth. http://www.patheos.com/Library/Sufism
http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/subdivisions/sufism_1.shtml
