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This was the first attempt by the Catholic Church to capture the Holy Lands from the Islamic. Proposed by Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont in 1095 and resulted in the creation of the Kingdom Jerusalem
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The Bubonic Plague (nicknamed "The Black Plague") hits Europe and Asia, resulting in 75-100 million deaths. It was brought to Europe by Genoese trading galleys and flourished in the densely packed cities.
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A cultural rebirth begins in Florence that spread throughout Italy. This brought about a new age of art, classicism and an emergence of a middle class, strengthening the economy.
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Gutenberg's press allowed for more accessible knowledge due to the greatly reduced cost of books. Gutenberg had no means of patenting this invention and it was mass prohttps://owlcation.com/humanities/Johannes-Gutenberg-and-the-Printing-Press-Revolutionduced, making it possible for virtually anyone to have access to a book
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Niccolo Machiavelli wrote the book for Italian royalty, explaining the way a prince should act and think. It consolidated the existence and strength of the Renaissance.
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After an 8-day siege on the city of Constantinople, the Byzantine empire falls. The attack was led by Mehmed II with and army of 75 000 - 100 000 soldiers. This event is regarded by many historians as the end of the Middle ages and severely damaging to the Christian faith
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Three Spanish ships: the Pinta, the Niña and the Santa Maria arrived on the Caribbean shore in an attempt to establish a new trade route to Asia by crossing the Atlantic Ocean. THis was the firt instance of land founded by the Europeans across the Atlantic and lead to the colonization of the Western World.
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Martin Luther nails his 95 Theses on the door of the Wittenberg Catholic Church. He writes to the populous abut the corrupt Church and the inherently flawed indulgences. The event was a cornerstone of the religious reformations and the creation of Protestantism. These events lead Martin Luther to be excommunicated at the Diet of Worms
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Cortes was a Spanish Conquistador and with 600 men, landed in Aztec-held Mexico ruled by emperor Montezuma II in 1519. He and his men conquered the empire in three years, imprisoning the emperor and transforming the Aztec capital to Mexico City.
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At the age of 67, Da Vinci died at Clos Luce and is thought to be have been because of a stroke. He died a distinguished Renaissance man that was revolutionary in the arts and sciences.
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Henry VIII passed the Act of Supremacy of 1534, allowing him to be "the protector and only supreme head of the Church and clergy in England". This diminished the Church's power significantly, split England's ties with Roman Catholicism and became a major event in the Religious Reformation.
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Cartier sailed from St. Malo, France to find the Northwest Passage and precious metals but landed in Newfoundland instead. He claimed parts of Canada for France and created the settlement of Quebec.
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Founded by Ignatius Loyola, a Spanish Nobleman, the Jesuit Order was an organized military group and was known as the army of the Church. They traveled to Protestant regions in an attempt to re-introduce Catholicism and became premier educators in much of Europe.
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Developed by Nicolaus Copernicus, the heliocentric model of the universe was proposed in Nuremberg in his book "On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres. Copernicus figured out his hypothesis decades before publishing but in fear of the Church, refused to publish until his near-death. This model challenged the Church's propose Ptolemaic model which placed Earth at the center of the universe.
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This Church council was called by Pope Paul III with multiple sessions, the last session ended in 1563. This council was an integral aspect of Church reform which addressed current issues and complaints. These included training clergymen and ending indulgences.
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Galileo Galilei was tried before the Inquisition for heresy because of his research of the solar system using his telescope. Galileo was sentenced to life imprisonment. His discoveries pushed modern science and astronomy forward, enabling us to understand the universe a bit better.
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Newton was born in England. He grew up to be an influential physicist and mathematician who developed the theory of universal gravitation and his law of motion that revolutionized physics. He also discovered calculus in the mid 17th century became knighted in 1705.
