The history of medicine By nklesmith Jan 1, 1616 William Harvey described the circulation of blood to and from the heart Jan 1, 1714 Gabriel Fahrenheit created the first mercury thermometer Jan 1, 1796 Edward Jenner developed a vaccine for smallpox Jan 1, 1816 Rene Laennec invents the stethoscope Jan 1, 1822 Gregory Mendel established the patterns of heredity Jan 1, 1844 Dr. Horace Wells, American dentist, uses nitrous oxide as an anesthetic Jan 1, 1856 Louis Pasteur began pasteurizing milk to kill bacteria Jan 1, 1860 Florence Nightengale became the founder of modern nursing Jan 1, 1867 Joseph Lister began using disinfectants and antiseptics during surgery Jan 1, 1879 First vaccination for cholera Jan 1, 1881 Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross Jan 1, 1882 Robert Koch developed the culture plate method to identify pathogens Jan 1, 1895 William Roentgen discovered X-rays Jan 1, 1897 first vaccination for plague Jan 1, 1910 Marie Curie isolated radium Jan 1, 1920 Egyptians were the earliest people known to maintain an accurate health record Jan 1, 1922 Insulin first used to treat diabetes Jan 1, 1928 Sir Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin Jan 1, 1952 Jonas Salk developed the polio vaccine Jan 1, 1954 Dr. Joseph E. Murray performs the first kidney transplant between identical twins Jan 1, 1967 South African heart surgean Dr. Christiaan Barnard performs the first human heart transplant Jan 1, 1970 First vaccination for rubella Jan 1, 1978 First test-tube baby is born Jan 1, 1983 HIV, the virus that causes AIDS is identified