Fall of The Ottoman Empire

The Battle of Vienna

1529

In the Battle of Vienna, the Sultan Suleiman's army failed to capture Vienna. After failing to siege Vienna, the army retreated back to the Middle East, losing many men due to an early winter. This marks the start of the empire's downfall.

The Reason for the Ottoman Empire's Decline

Period: 1529 to 1914

After Suleiman's reign, the Ottoman Empire entered a state of deterioration. The military, which built the empire, is now ineffective, and unorganized. The empire gained wealth from military conquests; therefore, the empire became impoverished over time. These economic problems lead to the corruption of the empire. Furthermore, the empire grew to such a massive size that its people could not easily communicate with each other.

Russo-Turkish Wars

Period: 1676 to 1878

The Russo-Turkish Wars occurred due to Russia's need for a water port on the Black Sea, which was controlled by the Ottoman Empire. This event was not one, but many wars which took place between the 17th and 19th centuries. As a result of these wars, Russia extended its territory past the Black Sea, Prut river, and Caucasus mountains.

The Crimean War

Oct 5, 1853

the Crimean war was a result of Russian pressure on Turkey. This threatened the British commercial and strategic interest in the Middle East and India. The Peace of Paris was signed on march 30, 1856, which preserved the Ottoman rule in Turkey until 1914. After Russia became crippled in war, the country made Germany more unified.

The Rise of the Young Turks

Period: 1889 to 1918

The Young Turks pushed for the establishment of a constitutional government. After their rise to power, the Young Turks introduced programs that promoted the modernization of the ottoman empire and the new spirit of Turkish nationalism. This nationalism sparked many internal conflicts, such as the Armenian Genocide, furthering the chaos in the empire.

The Rise of Nationalism

Period: 1900 to 1914

Nationalism was an extremely important factor in the fall of the Ottoman Empire. Due to rising nationalism, the citizens of the Ottoman Empire revolted because they desired to be free from foreign control. Rising nationalism also caused intolerance of other races, causing the Armenian Genocide.

The Creation of a Constitution

Jul 23, 1908

Following the first attempt in 1876, the Ottoman Empire created a parliament and a constitution in the government. Abdulhamid II abolished the parliament, furthering the anger of the Young Turks, causing a revolt. Though, the constitution remained in effect.

Italo-Turkish War

1911

In the Italo-Turkish War, Italy attacked Cyrenaica and Tripolitana, present day Libya, in order to gain a colony in North Africa. Due to weakened military forces, the Ottoman Empire lost the war, and was forced to give the lands to Italy. This war was an example of how European Imperialism impacted the Ottoman Empire.

The Balkan Wars

1912

In the Balkan Wars, Montenegro, Bulgaria, and Serbia formed the Balkan League, fighting for independence from the Ottoman Empire. As a result of the war, the Ottoman Empire lost all of its territory in Europe.

The Ottoman Empire Joins World War 1

1914

The Ottoman Empire joined the central powers in August 1914. The empire joined the war for two main reasons: German Pressure, and the desire to regain lost territories. Other motives were the German victories early in the war and Turkey's friction with the Triple Entente.

The Treaty of Sevres

Aug 10, 1920

Due to losing World War 1, the Ottoman empire was forced to sign the Treaty of Sevres. The treaty caused the Ottoman Empire to lose all of its Arab territories as well as Northern Africa. This event paved the way for the the Turkish War of Independence.

The Turkish War of Independence

1922

In the Turkish War of Independence, Mustafa Kemal successfully takes control of the government. On October 29th, 1923, the Grand National Assembly recognizes Turkey as a Republic, abolishing the Ottoman Empire. Mustafa refuses the title of Sultan, causing large tensions in Turkey.

Citations

1930

PICTURES: http://www.newagebd.com/files/records/news/201707/19767_11.jpg http://shoebat.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/battleofvienna.jpg https://imgc.artprintimages.com/img/print/italo-turkish-war-1911-12-turkish-troops-on-exercise_u-l-q120c200.jpg?h=550&w=550 https://cdn.britannica.com/s:700x450/18/115118-004-DC4A3F8A.jpg OTHER SOURCES USED https://www.history.com/topics/british-history/crimean-war

The Last Citations

1930

THE LAST CITATIONS https://www.history.com/topics/british-history/crimean-war https://www.dailysabah.com/feature/2015/07/24/the-story-of-the-ottoman-empires-constitutional-monarchy https://www.britannica.com/topic/Young-Turks-Turkish-nationalist-movement https://www.dailysabah.com/feature/2015/07/24/the-story-of-the-ottoman-empires-constitutional-monarchy https://www.britannica.com/topic/Young-Turks-Turkish-nationalist-movement https://nzhistory.govt.nz/war/ottoman-empire/enters-the-war

Even More Citations

1930

SOURCES USED FOR INFORMATION https://www.britannica.com/topic/Balkan-League-1912-1913 http://www.mideastweb.org/Middle-East-Encyclopedia/ottoman.htm https://www.britannica.com/event/Treaty-of-Sevres https://www.britannica.com/event/Siege-of-Vienna-1529 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1oean5l__Cc https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FhHVepmZLU0 https://www.britannica.com/event/Italo-Turkish-War http://www.allaboutturkey.com/kurtulus.htm