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Romulus and his twin brother, Remus, found Rome on the site where they were suckled by a she-wolf as orphaned infants.
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The Roman Republic was founded in 509 B.C.E. after the last Etruscan king that ruled Rome was overthrown
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The King of Sparta, Agesilaus II, dies at Cyrene, Cyrenaica, on his way home to Greece from Egypt
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Constantine, aged 23 or 24, is declared emperor by his troops
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The Punic Wars was a series of wars between 264 and 146 BC that were fought between Rome and Carthage. The First Punic War broke out on the island of Sicily in 264 BC.
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Rome declared war on Carthage, beginning the Second Punic War
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The Second Punic War (218 to 201 BC) was the second of three wars fought between Carthage and Rome, the two main powers of the western Mediterranean in the 3rd century BC
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The Roman army moved to Carthage and twice attempted to scale the city walls, from the sea and the landward sides, being repulsed both times, before settling down for a Siege of Carthage (Third Punic War). Hasdrubal moved up his army and harassed the Roman supply lines and foraging parties.
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Gaius Marius, having enacted the Marian reforms of the Roman army, arrives in North Africa to lead the war against Jugurtha, with a young quaestor named Lucius Cornelius Sulla as a subordinate.
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Sulla defeats Samnite allies of Rome in the Battle of the Colline Gate, and takes control of Rome.
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Gaius Julius Caesar and Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus served as joint consuls--marked a major turning point in the history of the Roman Republic.
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Battle of Munda.
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Julius Caesar was assassinated by about 40 Roman senators on the "ides of March" (March 15).
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Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus was awarded the honorific title of Augustus by a decree of the Senate