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Evil spirits
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Exorcise evil spirits
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Digitalis is in pill form, intravenously, or by injection today. In early times people chewed the leaves of the foxglove plant to strengthen and slow the heartbeat.
Quinine comes from the bark of the cinchona tree. It controls fever, relieves muscle spasms, and helps prevent malaria.
Belladonna and atropine are made from the nightshade plant. They relieve muscle spasm, especially in gastrointestinal pain.
Morphine is made from the opium poppy. Addicting, helps with severe pain. -
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Earliest people to keep accurate health records. Called upon the gods to heal them. Priests were the physicians. Used medicines for healing. -
First to use primitive acupuncture therapies. Learned to treat a variety of illnesses and diseases with stone tools. -
Medicine is art not just profession. First to study that illness is caused by nature not spirits. Religious customs did not allow dissection. Hippocrates studied the body and wrote the Oath of Hippocrates.
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First to organize medical care. Physicians wore death masks to protect themselves from sickness. Kept a room in the house for the ill to separate the sick and healthy. Started hospitals. -
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The Church believed life and death was in God’s hands. Primary treatment was prayer.
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Prayer, herbal mixtures, and care was custodial. -
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Caused millions of deaths, 60 million alone from Bubonic Plague.
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The Renaissance saw a rebirth of learning. Building of universities and medical schools for research.
Acceptance of dissection of the body for study.
Development of printing press and the publishing of books, allowing greater access to knowledge from research. -
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Studied and recorded the anatomy of the body. -
Discovered the fallopian tubes of the female anatomy. -
Discovered Eustachian tube, tube from ear to throat. -
Studied physiology, able to describe the circulation of blood and the pumping of the heart -
Invented microscope, found the bacteria that causes tooth decay. -
Early pharmacies -
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Discovered bifocals, and that colds are contagious. -
Students could study patients at bedside. Could dissect patient after death. Wider range of students studying medicine.
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Discovered the element oxygen and respiration. -
Discovered (first) method of vaccination for smallpox. Discovery led to immunization and preventive medicine in public health. -
Invented the stethoscope. Increased ability to hear the heart and lungs, allowing doctors to tell if a disease was present. -
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Identified the cause of childbed fever (puerperal fever). Large number of women died during birth because physicians did not wash after leaving the death rooms. (Uncleanliness) -
Attracted well-educated, dedicated women to be nurses instead of the old and dying because “they were useless for anything else.” -
“Father of Microbiology.” Discovered microorganisms, and proved they cause disease. Discovered pasteurization. Created a vaccine for rabies. -
Discovered microorganisms too small to be seen with a microscope; viruses. -
Used carbolic acid on wounds to kill germs that cause infection. First doctor to use an antiseptic during surgery. -
Developed asepsis; a method to keep an area germ-free before and during surgery. -
Developed culture plate method to identify pathogens and also isolated the bacterium that causes tuberculosis. Also introduced importance of cleanliness and sanitation to prevent the spread of disease. -
Discovered the effect of medicine on disease-causing microorganisms. Brought about the use of chemicals to fight disease. Found treatment for syphilis. -
Discovered x-rays -
Early physicians used herbs, hashish, and alcohol to help relieve pain of surgery. Even choked patients to cause unconsciousness. Many died from shock and pain. Nitrous oxide, ether, and chloroform were discovered and had the ability to put people into a deep sleep so they don’t experience pain during surgery. -
Found that penicillin killed life-threatening bacteria. -
Discovered the conscious and unconscious parts of the mind. Determined that the mind and body work together. His studies were the basis of psychology and psychiatry. -
Discovered sulfonamide compounds. These compounds were the first medications effective in killing bacteria. -
Discovered that a dead polio virus would cause immunity to poliomyelitis. This vaccine saved many people from death or crippling. -
Used a live polio virus vaccine, which is more effective. -
Discovered the double helix of DNA. Their model explained how DNA replicates and how hereditary information is coded on it. -
Performed the first successful heart transplant. -
Separated Siamese twins, and performed hemispherectomies; surgeries on the brain to stop seizures. -
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3D printer products have gained popularity for use in surgical procedures in a number of medical specialties. They enable the creation of patient-specific anatomical models, surgical guides, and implants, enhancing surgical precision and planning. Surgeons also benefit from customized tools, improving efficiency. -
In 2003 scientists completed the first ever draft that sequenced the human genome. Information from DNA is used to develop new ways to treat, cure, or even prevent thousands of diseases affecting humankind.
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Over 200 hospitals in the United States are now using VR to help patients in a number of ways, including:
To help patients visualize and understand their treatment plans
To distract children who are excessively nervous about blood tests, flu shots, or other routine procedures
To manage pain through distraction
To immerse a patient in a peaceful environment to improve breathing and relaxation
To allow stroke patients to practice and relearn daily activities -
Because of accidents, diseases, and birth defects, there’s a constant need for organ transplants to continue a life. Currently, our only option is organ donation. While this is a great way to correct a problem, it takes either a living donor or a donor who has died to make this possible. -
Functional MRIs, or fMRIs, are making it possible for doctors and scientists to virtually read minds. Regular MRIs allow doctors to see how the brain looks, whereas fMRIs allow them to see what the brain does.