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With the enactment of this penal code in 1871, corruption was made illegal. It came into full effect on September 16, 1872.
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The branch was a small unit, who would investigate corruption cases. However, they lacked manpower and priority within the Criminal Investigation Department to fully make an effect. In addition, they were themselves plagued by prevalent corruption in the police force.
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This ordinance aimed to prevent bribery in public and private business. It was ultimately ineffective because the penalties (2 year imprisonment and S$10,000) were not strong enough to deter offenses and the requirement of warrants also limited the powers of officials to search and investigate those involved.
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Ineffective during its early years, reforms to the law codes and subsequent acts gave the bureau more power to perform its job effectively.
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This year marked Singapore's achievement of self-government.
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Revised the previous Prevention of Corruption Ordinance by increasing penalties to 5 years of imprisonment and a fine of S$10,000. It also increased the power of CPIB officers to investigate cases. In addition, one important section detailed an assumption of guilt if no proper explanation could be produced: if an accused is unable to explain his monetary resources and property that seem disproportionate to his sources of income, he or she is assumed guilty of corruption.
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In 1963, the Singaporean government signed the Malaysia agreement to become part of Malaysia, while maintaining autonomy. However, over time, relations between the two became tense and in August, Singaporean leader Lee Kuan Yew signed a separation agreement.
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This amendment allowed government officials abroad to be prosecuted for corruption offenses as if they committed those crimes in Singapore.
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This amendment increased the monetary penalty for corruption offenses from S$10,000 to S$100,000.
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The CPIB remains independent and reports directly to the Prime Minister.
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This act allowed the court to issue orders against deceased defendants.
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These reforms aimed to increase efficiency of government agencies' services and to reduce bureaucracy and red tape within the government. In addition, reforms aim to take suggestions from the public to maintain a business-friendly environment.
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The court has powers to confiscate unaccounted for properties and monetary resources from those convicted of corruption offenses.
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These plans aim to engage citizens through the use of technology to and to increase convenience and efficiency of online services.
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The CPIB created a Computer Forensic Unit (an addition to its Computer Information System Unit) to further intelligence gathering abilities.
