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The Renaissance began in Italy and it was a artistic and philosophical movement. It renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman literature and life.
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Johannes Gutenburg
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They explored the three G’s (God, Glory, and Gold) Europe competed to make money and get glory. The Columbian exchange was a massive exchange between the new world and old world of Europe which took place in the 15th and 16th centuries, related to European colonization and trade after Columbus’ 1492 voyage. In 1507 a German mapmaker named the new continent America. Magellan's crew returned in 1522 and were the first to circumnavigate the world. Cortez conquered the Aztecs in 1521.
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In 1415 he brought back a lot of gold from Africa and in 1455 he sailed to the tip of Africa, Cape Verde, where they realized that Africa didn’t go on forever.
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Tries to go to the indies but actually ends up in Cuba 1492 and Columbus voyages to and explores Hispaniola in 1493 and searched for gold.
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In 1497 he discovered new sailing routes that are still used today while trying to land in India. In 1498 he landed in India where he got a lot of spices and in 1499 a lot of Arabs were mad that a lot of Muslim sailors died so they killed all of the members of the trading post. In 1502 he led a lot of ships to attack the Arab Muslim ships and made the leader of Calicut make peace.
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The Columbian Exchange was a massive exchange between the New World and the Old World of Europe which related to European colonization and trade after Columbus' voyage.
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He painted the "Mona Lisa" in 1503 and "The Last Supper" in 1495
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Cortez traveled to the west indies in 1504 and he lands in mexico in 1518. He also gained power over mexico in 1521 and discovered the peninsula of California in 1533.
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He created the Statue of David and painted in the Sistine Chapel from 1505-1512.
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Wrote the "Praise of Folly"
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Written by Martin Luther
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The Protestant Reformation was the 16th-century religious, political, intellectual and cultural upheaval that splintered Catholic Europe, setting in place the structures and beliefs that would define the continent in the modern era.
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In 1519 he led the battle of Cintila against the Mexicans and won. In that same year he was welcomed into the capital of the Aztec empire where he killed their leader. In 1521 the Aztec empire fell due to Francisco.
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Magellan becomes the first European to sail across the Pacific ocean in 1520 and he discovered the Philippines in 1521.
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In the late 1520s he traveled to Newfoundland. In 1534 he was hired to find a better travel route to Asia and in 1534 he found what he thought was Asia, when in reality it was Canada. Cartier traveled back and he came back with what he thought was gold and jewels but was only quartz, crystals, and metals
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Founded by St. Ignatius of religious men in 1534, recognized by Pope Paul III in 1540.
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He became Anglican
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He founded the society of Jesus (the Jesuits)
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Advancements of technology and learned more about the sciences. Started in 1543.
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Came up by Nicolaus Copernicus
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Meets three times
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John Calvin spread his ideas which led to more Calvinist churches.
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Elizabeth I established the first Anglican church
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Drake sailed with Captain Lovell to the Caribbean on a slave trading enterprise in 1566 and he sailed with John Hawkins to the new world where they were captured and escaped in 1567 in 1570. He sailed to the west indies in 1572, he went back to the west indies and made off with a lot of gold in 1579. He sails across the pacific and discovers the northern part of California. From 1587-1595 queen Elizabeth orders him to attack Spaniards
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1596 Kepler published Cosmographic Mystery which was the basis for his three laws of Planetary motion. The first one was discovered in 1605 then till his death.
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He gave the Huguenots religious freedom.
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It was an intellectual movement. Philosophers believed that they were continuing work of the 17th century thinkers.
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He wrote "Hamlet" in 1603 and "Romeo and Juliet" in 1597".
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Galileo Galilei invented the telescope
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Don Quixote was published
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He announced his discovery of blood circulation within the body.
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He was the king of Scotland and England
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Fall 1641 parliament passed laws to limit royal power. Charles fled London and raised army in northern England. From 1642-1649 supporters and opponents of King Charles fought the English Civil War. At first neither side could take an advantage until by 1644 the puritans found a general who could win- Oliver Cromwell. In 1647 they held the king prisoner. In 1649 Cromwell and the puritans brought Charles to trial for treason against the parliament and sentenced him to death.
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Leviathan was published
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He dissolved parliament in 1653 and in 1645 Cromwell's new model army began defeating the Cavaliers. He held the king prisoner and executed him.
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Begins to consider gravity
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He passed the Habeas Corpus law and was restored to the throne in 1660.
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Was written by John Locke
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The Glorious Revolution was when William of Orange took the English throne from James II in 1688. The event brought a permanent realignment of power within the English constitution.
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They are rulers of England and the Glorious Revolution begins in 1688
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Peter the Great became the king of Prussia in 1682 and began Westernization a few years later.
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He was the King of France and in 1715 Versailles (mansion for him and his servants) was finished.
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He became the leader of Prussia and in 1756 he begins the Seven Years War
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Spirit of Laws was published
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Candide was written
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Social Contract was written
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The French Revolution was a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France that lasted from 1789 until 1799, and was partially carried forward by Napoleon during the later expansion of the French Empire. July 14, 1789, people stormed the Bastille. June 1791, Louis tried to sneak out of Paris. 1792 the radicals take over the government. 1793, Robespierre starts the Reign of Terror. Moderates regain control and write a new government and constitution in 1795.
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June 1791 Louis tried to sneak out of Paris, in 1792 Louis was executed and the Reign of Terror began.
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1815 he was defeated at Waterloo 1804 he became emperor of the French
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He created the pieces: The Death of Sardanapalus (1827) and 1830 Liberty Leading the People.
