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City-states are thriving due to wealth, curiosity, rebirth of ancient Greek and Roman ideals, and peace were all causes of the Renaissance
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Gutenberg creates the printing press in Germany
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Since he printed the Bible, he is charged with heresy due to the fact that only the Pope can interpret the Bible
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Spanish sailor lands in San Salvador
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Students from Northern Europe in Italy take with them the Renaissance and it's ideals when they go back home
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Portuguese explorers claim the land of present-day Brazil
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Italian Renaissance artist Leonardo Da Vinci painted the Last Supper with Jesus and his disciples
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Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama completes the first trip to India via ocean
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Since he extensively explored North America, the continents were named the Americas after him
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Sculpture of David made by Michelangelo
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Erasmus criticizes people in the church and in religion itself for their improper actions (merchants, monks, theologians, etc)
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Spanish explorer lands in present day Columbia
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Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel is painted as a depiction of Heaven
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Luther states his problems with the Catholic Church and nails them on their front door for everyone to see
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Martin Luther is on trial for heresy, and is to recant his statements against the Catholic Church
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Spanish explorer Hernan Cortes sailed to the Yucatan
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Defeating the Aztecs, he takes their capital city and renames it Mexico City, the current capital of Mexico
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Luther has translated the Bible into German so people could interpret the Bible for themselves, not just through the Pope
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The first explorer to successfully sail around the world; however, Magellan was killed by a poison arrow, but some of his crew made it back home
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This book explains the proper behavior of women
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The Prince covers how to gain and maintain political power; as well as how to be an effective leader
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King Henry VIII is finally given a divorce from his wife by the Anglican Church after England leaves the Catholic Church
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As a consequence, the Pope excommunicated the King for going against him
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Pizarro battles with the Inca empire and wins
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Saint Ignatius De Loyola created the Jesuits to spread the word of Jesus
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The King of England now control both the monarch, as well as the church
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French explorer discovers the St. Lawrence River
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French explorer lands in present day Canada
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French explorer names the land Canda which means "village" and Quebec which means "where the river narrows"
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This book written by John Calvin outlines his beliefs in Christianity as well as predestination
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The Jesuits are now in charge of converting non belivers through excessive force, people are tortured until they convert
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Places the Sun in the center of the solar system instead of the Earth
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Called by Pope Paul III to discuss Catholic doctrine and how to reform the Catholic Church
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Peace treaty between France and a European coalition in the city of Augsburg
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Queen Elizabeth I passes legislation which makes the Anglican Church the offical religion of England
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First English explorer to circumnavigate the world
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The French government passes a law that allows Huguenots to peacefully practice in France
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Don Quixote is a middle aged man who becomes a self guided knight and helps people who are in danger
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States how planet move in the solar system
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Improved the telescope and viewed planets and other things in outer space
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States how the planets move in outer space
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War between the Protestants and Catholics in Europe
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(Anatomical Studies on the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals) He discovered how the circulatory system works
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Revolt in England
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Power to the crown is now limited, not absolute
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In an attempt to overthrow and arrest Parliament representatives, he builds an army against them
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Parliament supporters and supporters of the king fight against each other
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Joined forces and commanded the Puritans
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The Puritans capture King Charles and hold him hostage
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Charles I is found guilty of treason and is killed
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Intellectual movement concerning God, reason, nature, and humanity
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Believed all humans were wicked, and if left to themselves people would let their evil ways run wild. Government was created to protect people from themselves; maintain order; absolute monarch is best
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French Ruler Louis XIV re-modeled a hunting lodge and declared it royal housing for himself as well as his nobles. He was also boasting to the rest of Europe
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Charles II dies and his son James II inherits the thrown
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Created the "Newton's Laws of Motion" and proposed the law of gravity
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Since James II is Catholic, his son will be brought up Catholic as well, instead of Protestant
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William of Orange is invited by Parliament to overthrow James II to prevent a Catholic line of power. William brings his army to London and James II fled
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The Bill of Rights lists things a ruler could and could not do to their people
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William of Orange and Mary II are bestowed the thrown
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Locke expressed his belief in the right to life, liberty, and property; as well as people being sovereign and able to rebel against an unjust government. People are able to reason
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By establishing this city as capital, it is seen as the "window to Russia"
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Agreement stating that Austria gives land to Prussia and follows their terms
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The Spirit of Laws outline his beliefs in separation of powers and right to trial
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Rousseau expressed that government was a contract between the rulers and the people they rule. Said man was born free, yet everyone is in chains; liberty was everyone's birthright, but many were oppressed; stronger ruled over the weaker = civilization; consent of the governed
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Since they were locked out of the Estates General, they met in an indoor Tennis Court and swore an oath to not separate and to restore order
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People of France stormed the Bastille prison, this marks the beginning of the French Revolution
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This document explains the rights of man and how they are supposed to be treated
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King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette attempt to flee in order to innitiate a counter-revolution; however, they are stopped by a guard and held there
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Radicals trial the king and take his position
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Louis XVI and his wife are executed, beginning the Reign of Terror
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Robespierre is executed as an enemy of the French Revolution
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Military officers take over the weak French government in a coup d’état
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Since the majority of the citizens voted in favor of an empire, Napoleon became emperor
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In an attempt to march on Russia in the winter, Napoleon and his men are brought to their knees by the Russian winter and troops
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Napoleon goes into exile after the defeat from an allied Europe, on the island of Elba off the coast of Italy
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Napoleon is defeated at Waterloo due to old formations and tactics, he was defeated by the Dutch, British, Germans, and Prussians
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Commemoration of the July revolution which toppled King Charles X of France
