-
Period: 1300 to
The Renaissance
City-states are thriving due to wealth, curiosity, rebirth of ancient Greek and Roman ideals, and peace were all causes of the Renaissance -
1439
Gutenberg Invented the Printing Press
Gutenberg creates the printing press in Germany -
1455
Gutenberg Prints the Bible
Since he printed the Bible, he is charged with heresy due to the fact that only the Pope can interpret the Bible -
1492
Christopher Columbus Land in the Carribean
Spanish sailor lands in San Salvador -
1497
Spread of the Renaissance to Northern Europe
Students from Northern Europe in Italy take with them the Renaissance and it's ideals when they go back home -
1497
Portugal Claims Brazil
Portuguese explorers claim the land of present-day Brazil -
1498
Da Vinci Painted the Last Supper
Italian Renaissance artist Leonardo Da Vinci painted the Last Supper with Jesus and his disciples -
1498
Vasco da Gama Sails to India and Back
Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama completes the first trip to India via ocean -
1502
Amerigo Vespucci Returns From Exploration
Since he extensively explored North America, the continents were named the Americas after him -
1503
Da Vinci Painted the Mona Lisa
-
1504
Michelangelo Sculpted the Statue of David
Sculpture of David made by Michelangelo -
1509
Praise of Folly is Written by Erasmus
Erasmus criticizes people in the church and in religion itself for their improper actions (merchants, monks, theologians, etc) -
1510
Francisco Pizarro Lands in South America
Spanish explorer lands in present day Columbia -
1512
Michelangelo Painted the Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel is painted as a depiction of Heaven -
1517
Luther Nailed His "95 Theses" To The Catholic Church's Door
Luther states his problems with the Catholic Church and nails them on their front door for everyone to see -
1517
Edict of Worms - Luther's Trial
Martin Luther is on trial for heresy, and is to recant his statements against the Catholic Church -
1519
Hernan Cortes Lands on the Yucatan Peninsula
Spanish explorer Hernan Cortes sailed to the Yucatan -
1521
Hernan Cortez Takes the City "Tenochtitlan" for Spain
Defeating the Aztecs, he takes their capital city and renames it Mexico City, the current capital of Mexico -
1522
Luther Translated The Bible into German
Luther has translated the Bible into German so people could interpret the Bible for themselves, not just through the Pope -
1522
Ferdinand Magellan and Crew Cricumnavigate the World
The first explorer to successfully sail around the world; however, Magellan was killed by a poison arrow, but some of his crew made it back home -
1528
Castiglione Publishes "The Book of Courtier"
This book explains the proper behavior of women -
1532
Machiavelli Published "The Prince"
The Prince covers how to gain and maintain political power; as well as how to be an effective leader -
1533
King Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon are Divorced
King Henry VIII is finally given a divorce from his wife by the Anglican Church after England leaves the Catholic Church -
1533
King Henry VIII is Excommunicated by the Pope
As a consequence, the Pope excommunicated the King for going against him -
1533
Francisco Pizarro Defeated the Incas
Pizarro battles with the Inca empire and wins -
1534
Jesuits are Founded
Saint Ignatius De Loyola created the Jesuits to spread the word of Jesus -
1534
King Henry VIII is Made Head of the Anglican Church
The King of England now control both the monarch, as well as the church -
1534
Jacques Cartier Discovered the St. Lawrence River
French explorer discovers the St. Lawrence River -
1534
Jacques Cartier Lands on Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island
French explorer lands in present day Canada -
1535
Jacques Cartier Named Canada and the City Quebec
French explorer names the land Canda which means "village" and Quebec which means "where the river narrows" -
1536
John Calvin Published "Institutes of the Christian Religion"
This book written by John Calvin outlines his beliefs in Christianity as well as predestination -
1542
Jesuits Take Control of Spanish & Italian Inquisitions
The Jesuits are now in charge of converting non belivers through excessive force, people are tortured until they convert -
1543
Nicolaus Copernicus Creates the Heliocentric Model
Places the Sun in the center of the solar system instead of the Earth -
1545
Council of Trent Called for the First Time
Called by Pope Paul III to discuss Catholic doctrine and how to reform the Catholic Church -
1555
Peace of Augsburg
Peace treaty between France and a European coalition in the city of Augsburg -
1558
Queen Elizabeth I makes the Anglican Church the State Church
Queen Elizabeth I passes legislation which makes the Anglican Church the offical religion of England -
1580
Francis Drake Circumnavigated the World
First English explorer to circumnavigate the world -
Tolerance of Huguenots in France
The French government passes a law that allows Huguenots to peacefully practice in France -
Shakespeare Writes the Play: Julius Caesar
-
Cervantes Published "Don Quixote"
Don Quixote is a middle aged man who becomes a self guided knight and helps people who are in danger -
Shakespeare Writes the Play: Hamlet
-
Johannes Kepler creates the first two Laws of Planetary Motion
States how planet move in the solar system -
Galileo Galilei Improved Upon the Telescope
Improved the telescope and viewed planets and other things in outer space -
Johannes Kepler Created the Third Law of Planetary Motion
States how the planets move in outer space -
Period: to
30 Years War
War between the Protestants and Catholics in Europe -
William Harvey Publishes De Moto Cordis
(Anatomical Studies on the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals) He discovered how the circulatory system works -
Period: to
English Civil War
Revolt in England -
Parliament Passes Laws to Limit Power
Power to the crown is now limited, not absolute -
Charles I fled London and Raised an Army in North England
In an attempt to overthrow and arrest Parliament representatives, he builds an army against them -
Period: to
Cavaliers vs Puritan supporters of Parliament
Parliament supporters and supporters of the king fight against each other -
Oliver Cromwell Joined the Puritans
Joined forces and commanded the Puritans -
Puritans Capture and Hold the King Prisioner
The Puritans capture King Charles and hold him hostage -
Charles Brought to Trial for Treason and Found Guity
Charles I is found guilty of treason and is killed -
Period: to
The Enlightenment
Intellectual movement concerning God, reason, nature, and humanity -
Hobbes Wrote Leviathan
Believed all humans were wicked, and if left to themselves people would let their evil ways run wild. Government was created to protect people from themselves; maintain order; absolute monarch is best -
Louis XIV Built the Palace of Versailles
French Ruler Louis XIV re-modeled a hunting lodge and declared it royal housing for himself as well as his nobles. He was also boasting to the rest of Europe -
Charles II died and James II became King
Charles II dies and his son James II inherits the thrown -
Issac Newton Published Prinicipa on Laws of Gravity and Motion
Created the "Newton's Laws of Motion" and proposed the law of gravity -
James II Wife Had a Son, Terrifying Parliament Due to Catholic Roots
Since James II is Catholic, his son will be brought up Catholic as well, instead of Protestant -
Parliament and William of Orange Overthrows James II
William of Orange is invited by Parliament to overthrow James II to prevent a Catholic line of power. William brings his army to London and James II fled -
Parliament Drafted a Bill of Rights
The Bill of Rights lists things a ruler could and could not do to their people -
Coronation of William and Mary
William of Orange and Mary II are bestowed the thrown -
Locke Wrote the Two Treatises of Government
Locke expressed his belief in the right to life, liberty, and property; as well as people being sovereign and able to rebel against an unjust government. People are able to reason -
Peter the Great Established St. Petersburg as Capital of Russia
By establishing this city as capital, it is seen as the "window to Russia" -
Succession of Austria
Agreement stating that Austria gives land to Prussia and follows their terms -
Montesquieu Wrote the Spirit of Laws
The Spirit of Laws outline his beliefs in separation of powers and right to trial -
Rousseau Wrote the Social Contract
Rousseau expressed that government was a contract between the rulers and the people they rule. Said man was born free, yet everyone is in chains; liberty was everyone's birthright, but many were oppressed; stronger ruled over the weaker = civilization; consent of the governed -
Tennis Court Oath is Taken By Third Estate
Since they were locked out of the Estates General, they met in an indoor Tennis Court and swore an oath to not separate and to restore order -
French Revolution Begins with the Storming of the Bastille
People of France stormed the Bastille prison, this marks the beginning of the French Revolution -
National Assembly Issued the "Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen"
This document explains the rights of man and how they are supposed to be treated -
Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette Attempt to Flee Paris
King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette attempt to flee in order to innitiate a counter-revolution; however, they are stopped by a guard and held there -
Radicals Take Over the French Government
Radicals trial the king and take his position -
Robespierre Begins the Reign of Terror
Louis XVI and his wife are executed, beginning the Reign of Terror -
Reign of Terror Ends
Robespierre is executed as an enemy of the French Revolution -
Moderates regain control and write the Constitution of 1795
-
Napoleon's Supporters in the Military Took Control of the Gov't
Military officers take over the weak French government in a coup d’état -
Napoleon Submitted a Plebiscite for an Empire
Since the majority of the citizens voted in favor of an empire, Napoleon became emperor -
Napoleon is Defeated in Russia
In an attempt to march on Russia in the winter, Napoleon and his men are brought to their knees by the Russian winter and troops -
Napoleon Went into Exile
Napoleon goes into exile after the defeat from an allied Europe, on the island of Elba off the coast of Italy -
Napoleon is Defeated at Waterloo
Napoleon is defeated at Waterloo due to old formations and tactics, he was defeated by the Dutch, British, Germans, and Prussians -
Delacroix Painted Liberty Leading the People
Commemoration of the July revolution which toppled King Charles X of France
