Semester Timeline Spielman By chrissyptak Period: 1400 to 1600 European Exploration 1436 Prince Henry the Navigator reached Rio de Oro on the Western African coast. 1440 Johannes Gutenberg makes the printing press that helps the spread of ideas in the renaissance and reformation Period: 1450 to 1600 The European Renaissance 1492 Christopher Columbus sailed across the Atlantic Ocean to present day Bahamas. 1498 Last Supper was painted by Leonardo Da Vinci, one of the greatest influencers and minds of the Italians Renaissance. 1498 Vasco Da Gama sailed around Africa to India 1501 Michelangelo makes the statue of David 1503 Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo Da Vinci. 1509 Erasmus wrote the Praise of Folly, criticizing the church, influencing the humanistic movement. 1517 Martin Luther nails the 95 Theses to the front of a church door, marking the beginning of the Renaissance. Period: 1517 to 1559 Protestant Reformation 1519 Ferdinand Magellan started his voyage to circumnavigate the globe. 1521 Martin Luther was excommunicated from the church. 1521 Hernan Cortés and his men conquered the Aztecs. 1532 Francisco Pizarro went with a small army into South America, and conquered the Incan Empire. 1534 King Henry VIII separated from the Catholic Church and made the Church of England. 1534 Jacques Cartier was sent by the king to North America where he explored the St. Lawrence River. 1536 John Calvin moved to Switzerland, where his ideas on religion helped start a theocracy. 1540 Saint Ignatius de Loyola founded the Jesuits, a society whose main mission was to help others find God in all things. Period: 1540 to 1700 Scientific Revolution 1543 Nicolaus Copernicus developed the Heliocentric theory. 1543 Andreas Vesalius published "De Humani Corporis Fabrica" 1559 Queen Elizabeth I became the Monarch of England, during her reign she made the Anglican Church the official state church. 1581 Sir Francis Drake was Knighted for being the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe 1588 Sir Francis Drake defeated the Spanish Armada. Period: 1588 to 1679 Thomas Hobbes lived writing "The Leviathan" and believing that all people were naturally evil. 1597 Romeo and Juliet is published by William Shakespeare, one of the greatest playwrights and poets of the renaissance. 1609 Johannes Kepler establishes “Kepler’s law of planetary motion”. 1609 Galileo invented the telescope 1610 Galileo Galilei discovered Jupiter’s 4 moons (Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto) 1616 William Harvey announced his discovery of the circulation of blood within the body Period: 1618 to 1648 Thirty Year War, War between Protestant and Catholic states 1620 Francis Bacon published "Novum Organum" Period: 1625 to 1649 Charles I ruled the three kingdoms till his execution. 1628 William Harvey published "Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis" Period: 1632 to 1704 John Locke lived and wrote "Two Treatises on Government". He introduced Natural Rights (Life, Liberty, and Property). Period: 1642 to 1651 English Civil War Period: 1643 to 1786 Absolute Monarchs Period: 1643 to 1715 Louis XIV’s reign Period: 1653 to 1658 Oliver Cromwell’s Reign Period: 1660 to 1685 Charles II was king of England, Scotland, Ireland until his death Period: 1672 to 1682 Peter the great attempted to make Russia a Great nation Period: 1672 to 1725 Peter the great’s reign 1682 Louis XIV moved the court to the palace of Versailles Period: 1685 to 1688 James II rules 1687 Sir Isaac Newton published Principia, which hypothesizes the inverse-square law of universal gravitation. 1687 Isaac Newton published his laws of motion, gravity, calculus 1688 James II goes to France in Exile. Period: 1688 to 1689 Glorious Revolution 1689 English Bill Of Rights is written 1689 William of Orange marches troops into England and overthrow the king Period: 1689 to 1702 William and Mary rule over England Period: 1689 to 1755 Baron de Montesquieu lives and writes "The Spirit of Laws" pioneering the idea of checks and balances. Period: 1694 to 1778 Voltaire lives and authors many enlightened ideas and books like "Candide". Period: 1712 to 1778 Jean-Jacques Rousseau lived, writing "The Social Contract", bringing the idea of the people being sovereign. Period: 1740 to 1748 War of Austrian Succession, Frederick the great fought Austria to gain more land Period: 1740 to 1786 Frederick the Great’s Reign 1789 The Great Fear 1789 Estates General occurs starting the beginning of the National Assembly. Period: 1789 to 1799 The French Revolution Jul 14, 1789 The Storming of Bastille; Marking the beginning of the French Revolution. 1791 National Assembly completes the new Constitution. 1791 Louis XVI tries to sneak out of Paris. 1792 Radicals take over the government. 1793 Robespierre starts Reign of terror with execution of Louis XVI. 1793 Parliament beheads Louis XVI 1794 Robespierre dies, ending Reign of Terror 1795 Moderates regain control, write the Constitution of 1795
