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The Investiture Controversy or Investiture Contest was the most significant conflict between Church and state in medival Europe. In the 11th and 12th centuries, a series of Popes challenged the authority or European monarchies over cotrol of appotnments of chucrch officials such as bishops and abbots.
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While losing in a battle Clovis turned to the Christian god t the battle shifter and the French won. In 511, the Franks were united into one kingdom - modern day france.
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People pledge loyalty to their cheif (leader.) While in a losing battle, Clovis turned to the Christian god for help, the battle shifted ad the Franks won.
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German forces invaded what had been the Western Roman Empire. Germans brought many changes to language, government and culture.
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Distruption of trade, Downfall of cities, Population shift, Decline of learning, Loss of common language.
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Impacts of learning. Most important works of literature, science, and philosophy were in Greek. As people lost their uderstanding of Greek, they also lost their important works.
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The fight was between the Norman-French army of Duke William the II & the English army under King Harold the II. It was a decisive Norman victory.
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Crusaders were the people who got rid of the quarellsome knights who fought each other. There were 3 crusades & there was also an estate-general which was a meeting held for all 3 estates.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusades -
The People's Crusade - Freeing the Holy Lands. 1st Crusade led by Count Raymond IV of Toulouse and proclaimed by many wandering preachers, notably Peter the Hermit
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Finally started to manufacture goods more often.
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Crusaders prepared to attack Damascus. 2nd crusade led by Holy Roman Emperor Conrad III and by King Louis VII of France
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A document that guarenteed basic political rights to all the people.
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In 1066, William of Normandy introduced a feudal sytem, by which he sought the advice of a council of tenants-and-cheif & ecclesiastics before making laws.
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They wanted to hold & add on onto their French land & they wanted to strengthen their own power over the nobles & the church.
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The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France and their various allies for control of the French throne. It was the result of a dynastic disagreement dating back to William the Conqueror who became King of England in 1066, while remaining Duke of Normandy.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundred_Years'_War -
Th Black Death was a disease that completely wiped out most of Europe's population. You start it off with a huge rash on your body, then eventually adter 2 to 3 days, you will die & they would put all the dead bodies on the corners of the streets for the dump truck's to pick up & take somewhere to burn or bury the people.
http://www.themiddleages.net/plague.html -
Joan of Arc was believed to be a heretic & a saint. She was born a peasent girl in what is now eastern France. Claiming divine guidance, she led the French army to several important victiories during the Hundred Years' War.
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The schism in western Christendom was finally healed at the Council of Constance. There were three "phantom popes" at this time, but they were all deposed in favor of a new pontiff, Martin V. The Catholic world now had a single head based in Rome, but it was not easy to revive the old, unquestioning loyalty to him as God's vicar on earth. The religion became Roman Catholic.
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Official invertigation, especially are of a political or religious nature.
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Being vernacular means your are native or indigenous.
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The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France and their various allies for control of the French throne.
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The meeting for the first, second & third estates.
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The Batlle of Legnano was fought between the forces of the Holy Roman Empire, led by emporer Frederick Barbarossa, and the Lombard League.
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Only had about 1.500-2,000 people, so they had very powerful forces.
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In crowning Charlemagne emperor in 800, the Church sought to influence both spiritual and political matters. Three hundread years earlier, Pope Gelasius I recognized the conflicts tht could arise between the two great forces - the Church and the state.
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Limited the authority of the noble's. Sent out royal agents to make sure the noble's were governing their countries justly.
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Farmers began usuing a new technology, this was a harness that fitted across the horses chest, taking pressure off its neck & windpipe.
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An associataion of people who worked at the same occupation.
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