-
they ruled the area for more than 200 years -
he ended the Mongol rule in the area and even expanded the territory -
Ivan was the first crowned ruler also known as a tzar. under his rule, the Country faced foreign invasions, economic decline, & social upheaval. he even killed his son to keep him from taking control of russia. -
virtually enslaved workforce bound to the land & under the control of the nobility. -
his goals were to modernize Russia, Enlarge territory, Built a stronger military, Develop trade partners w/ W Europe, Built new capital, St. Petersburg, “Window to the West” -
Socialism - the belief that calls for greater economic equality in society
Karl Marx -” classless society” equal sharing of wealth, public ownership of land. -
Bolsheviks seized control from Czar Nicholas II
Bolsheviks - revolutionary group, believing in Communism, led by Vladimir Lenin
Communism - a philosophy based on Karl Marx’s ideas that called for the violent overthrow of the government & a society led by workers
Vladimir Lenin - head of Soviet government from 1917-1924
Changed Soviet Union into a one-party Communist State
Organized the death & persecution of up to 140K people, many members of the high-class bourgeoisie -
Governed Russia with an ‘Iron Fist’ (1922-1952)
Eliminated those who disagreed w/his policies
Killed 20-25 million Russians (Hunger, Murder)
Defeated Hitler in WWII
Demanded half of Europe after WWII -
Cold War - Soviet Union vs. NATO (US/allies) \
4 Decades
State of geopolitical tension where both sides did not directly attack each other, but propped up smaller nations in “proxy wars”.
Vietnam and Korea
1985- Mikhail Gorbachev assumed power
Reform-minded
Perestroika - policy of economic restructuring
Glasnost - policy of greater political openness -
Communism collapses (Republics declared independence)
Boris Yeltsin named 1st President
Command to Market economy
Vladimir Putin - became President 1999
Stabilized economy
Joined NATO
Named successor - Dimitry Medvedev
Appointed self “Prime Minister” 2008
Ran for 3rd term : 2011:
Still President with 6-year terms