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- policies oppressed Jews
- held needs of Nobles over
- promoted Russian Orthodox Church
- wanted Russia to be ruled by 1 man, have 1 religion and be of 1 race
- his son Czar Nicholas was ill-prepared for the throne leading to 'crumble' of Russia
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- Czar right before start revolution
- created the Duma
- dragged Russia into WW1 against civilians wishes
- ill-prepared for rule
- ultimately made the people unhappy
- blamed for fall of Russia and the people's unhappiness
- ruler during WW1 + continued autocracy
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- Russia and Japan compete for control of Korea + Manchuria
- Russia broke agreements made + started war
- Japan attacked Russians at Port Arthur
- created unrest across Russia
- lead to revolt in middle of the war
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- Elected Russian legislature as a facade for political freedom -Created by Nicholas II
- Leaders wanted Russia to become constitutional monarchy like Britain
- established Provisional Gov't that failed and was overthrown by Bolshevik
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- revolution of 1905
- workers marched to Czar Winter Palace
- wanted to present the Czar with their reasons for discontempt
- soldiers ordered to open fire killing over 1k + wounding hundreds
- provoked strikes and violence across the country
- resulted in Nicholas creating the Duma
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- Czar Nicholas dragged them into it
- Russia unprepared for military + economic costs
- Generals + poorly equipped troops no match for Germany
- revealed weakness in Czarist rule + military leadership
- lost Duma leadership civilian support
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- Close to the Czarina because of his rep. as a holy man
- Made important decisions for country while Czar was at warfront
- Murder took multiple attempts
- Poisoned wine and cakes, shot twice and then drowned
- opposed reform efforts in gov't
- Murdered by nobles bc. he's blamed for causing collapse of Russian empire
- got unqualified friends powerful jobs in gov't
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- Revolts and uprisings over bread + fuel shortages
- Czar steps down
- Duma leaders established Provisional Gov't (temporary gov't)
- lead by Alexander Kerensky
- Revolution failed to setup a strong gov't to replace Czar regime
- easy for Bolshevik to take over
- Revolts and uprisings over bread + fuel shortages
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- Got Russia under control of Marxist gov't
- Lenin + Bolsheviks overthrow the Duma
- gained control of Soviets in Petrograd + other major cities
- Murdered royal family
- Made working class happy
- gave farmland to peasants + factory control to workers
- Lenin + Bolsheviks organized Russia into multiple self-governing republics
- called it the 'Union of Soviet Socialist Republics' (USSR)
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- deadlier than other revolutions across the world
- Red Army (Bolsheviks) vs White Army (peasants, soldiers, workers)
- Bolshevik won the war and gained control of Russia
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- started career early in the Bolsheviks
- served as secretary general of Communist Party
- moved his supporters into power
- Lenin believed he was dangerous and didn't use power w/ caution
- 1928 he was in complete control of the CP
- Prime Minister of Soviet Union 1941-1953
- ruled Soviet Union as dictator
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- new Russian gov't established by Lenin and the Bolshevik
- made up of the self-governing republics
- increase in trade with foreign countries
- economy was harmed
- all money went to military
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- After his death a competition started for his position
- Trotsky vs. Stalin
- Stalin won
- After his death a competition started for his position
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- lost his government positions
- exiled by Stalin after he came to power
- no longer a threat if he was exiled
- continued his life by writing criticism about Stalin