-
Army officers revolted
Due to the cruel and oppresive rule of czars in Russia during the 19th century this army officers revolted. -
Abolishment of serfdom
Czar Alexander II of Russia undertook some reforms, focusing more in the agriculture, in order to begining with Russia's industrialization. One of these reforms was the abolishment of serfdom.
Source: http://www.claseshistoria.com/revolucionrusa/zarismocambios1861.htm -
Period: to
Number of factories doubled
Russia industrialization led to the increase of the number of factories between this period of time. -
Period: to
Alexander III
He was the tzar of Russia during these period. He clung to the principles of autocracy, a form of government in which he had absolute power. He was the succesor of Alexander II. -
Murder of Alexander II
A member of the "People's Will", a revolutionary group, assassinates the czar Alexander II by throwing a bomb. The People's Will wanted to overthrow Russia’s czarist autocracy. After his assassination, Alexander III became the new czar of Russia.
Source: http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/czar-alexander-ii-assassinated -
Period: to
Transiberian
The Transiberian is the world's longest continuous rail line. It is still in use today. It used to connect European Russia in the west with Russian ports on the Pacific Ocean in the east. Some British and French investors contributed in financing its construction. -
Period: to
Nicholas II
He was the succesor of Alexander III, czar of Russia. When he became the czar he continued with the tradition of Russian autocracy. -
Division of Marxists into two groups
The two Marxists groups were the Mencheviks (minority), which wanted a bourgeois phase in the revolution, and the Bolcheviks (majority), which wanted a proletarian revolution. -
Russo Japanese War
The war started at Port Arthur, Manchuria, when Japan attacks the Russian fleet. It ended with the Treaty of Portsmouth.
Source: https://history.state.gov/milestones/1899-1913/portsmouth-treaty -
Bloody Sunday
The Bloody Sunday started with a peaceful protest of the Russian workers that, at the doors of the Winter Palace, were claiming for better working conditions and higher salaries. The czar's uncle, Vladimir Aleksándrovich, order to attack this protestants, since Nicholas II was not at the palace in that moment.
Source: http://alphahistory.com/russianrevolution/bloody-sunday-1905/ -
Duma
It was Russian's first parliament. Its first meeting was in May 1906. -
Period: to
World War I
World War I lasted for 4 years, but Russia had to left this war becasuse of the revolts in the country and the situation. Russia was in the Triple Entente during WWI. -
Nicholas moved his headquarters
The czar Nicholas II moved his headquarters to the war front. -
Murder of Rasputin
Rasputin was a "holy man" who entered in the court of Nicholas II thanks to their supposed healing powers that would save the czar's son, Alexis, from his illness. The czarina Alexandra gave Rasputin power to make key political decisions. The people did not like him at all. He was finally murdered by a group of nobles.
Source: http://www.biography.com/people/rasputin-9452162 -
Period: to
Provisional goverment
This was the temporary government that substituted the czar after the March (February) Revolution. -
March (February) Revolution
This revolution made the czar Nicholas II to abdicate. The provisional government was established. -
Period: to
Lenin
He was the leader of the Bolsheviks. In 1917 Lenin returns to Petrogad after years of exiled. In 1922 he suffers an stroke. -
October Revolution
The Bolsheviks Red Guards stormed the Winter Palace in Petrogad. -
Assassination of the Romanov
Nicholas II and his family were executed by the Bolcheviks. -
Period: to
Civil war in Russia
It was between the White army , formed by people who supported monarchism, capitalism, and alternative forms of socialism, and the Red Army, composed by the Bolcheviks. -
Treaty of Brest - Livosk
The Treaty of Brest-Livosk was a peace agreement between Germany, Bulgary, the Ottoman Empire, Autria-Hungary and the soviet Russia during WWI.The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk created some significant political divisions and gave some Russia's possessions to the other countries.
Source:http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/treaty_of_brest-litovsk.htm -
Period: to
NEP (New Economic Policy)
With this policy Lenin put aside his idea of a state-controlled economy. The NEP allowed the peasants to sell their surplus crops instead of giving them to the government. In this way Russian economy, which had been destroyed, could be restored. -
Lennin suffers a stroke
Due to the attemps of assassination, working in excess and the stress of the revolution and the war, among other things, Lenin suffered an stroke. His participation in the government reduced since he was not in good conditions. He finally dies in 1929. -
Stalin and his supporters
After Lenin suffers the stroke and Russia is needed to have a new leader, Stalin starts working behind the scenes to move his supporters, who dislike Trotsky, the other candidate, into positions of power. -
Period: to
Joseph Stalin
Joseph Stalin was a Russian dictator that governed after Lenin's death. He rose to power as General Secretary of the Communist Party. He was cold, hard and impersonal. Stalin's army, called the Red Army, helped in WWII to defeat the Nazis. -
USSR
The USSR was created when Russia, Bielorussia, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia signed the Treaty of the Union, when the Bolcheviks were ruling Russia. -
Communists' constitution
This communist constitution was based on socialist and democratic principles. -
Trotsky into exile
Leon Trotsky joined the Bolcheviks before the revolution. He built the Red Army. When Lenin died, someone had to be the new leader; Trotsky was the favourite candidate, but Joseph Stalin also wanted to be the leader, so he consollidated his power and started lining up allies against Trotsky. He was pushed out from the Central Comittee, and later exiled to Mexico the following January.There, he was assassinated by Soviet agents.
Source: http://www.biography.com/people/leon-trotsky-9510793
