Russian Revolution

By sdua
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    Reign of Czar Alexander III

    -Absolute Rule (autocracy)
    -Pogrom (violence against jews)
    -Promoted Russian Orthodox Church
    -Focused on higher classes, compared to lower classes
    -Orthodoxy (one religion)
    -National homogeneity
    • Contributes to Bolshevik Revolution, as his rule created hatred towards the Russian monarchies. Also sets the stage for his son to be a bad ruler.
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    Reign of Czar Nicholas II

    -Autocracy (absolute rule)
    -Opposed public participation in the government
    -Did not give citizens what they wanted
    -Ignored ideas from everyone
    -Did not allow Russia to industrialize
    -Bloody Sunday occurred in his rule
    -Blamed for military failures
    • Contributes to Bolshevik Revolution, as he caused even more hatred towards the Russian monarchies. Sparks the need for change. Contributes to the public revolting.
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    Russo-Japanese War

    -Occurred due to land disputes over Northern China
    -Civil unrest caused Russia to withdraw from the war
    -Japan won the war
    -Duma (constitutional monarchy) was established as a result
    • Contributed to the Bolshevik Revolution, as the people of Russia did not trust in Czar Nicholas II's ability to control the military.

  • Duma Established

    • Supposed to make Russia similar to a constitutional monarchy.
    • Created a representative assembly
    • Was a facade
    • Dissolved after 10 weeks
    • Contributes to Bolshevik Revolution, as it reveals to the public, that Czar Nicholas II is not willing to share power with others.

  • Bloody Sunday

    • 200,000 workers and their families petitioned for better rights.
    • Czar Nicholas II ordered the petitioners to be killed.
    • 1,000 were injured, hundreds were killed.
    • As a result, people were angrier, and more protests occurred.
    • Contributes to Bolshevik Revolution, as the people of Russia despised Czar Nicholas II's ability to provoke change in the peoples' favor.
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    Russia's Participation in WWI

    • Czar Nicholas II dragged Russia into WWI.
    • Russian army and economy were not suited for a large-scale war.
    • Russia suffered many defeats.
    • After just one year 4 million soldiers were wounded or killed.
    • Contributed to Bolshevik revolution because the population of Russia were highly upset that they were forced to participate in the War.

  • Death of Rasputin

    • When Czar Nicholas II moved closer to the war front, his wife was in charge of making decisions
    • Rasputin was able to heal Czar Nicholas II's son and ease his hemophilia.
    • Czar Nicholas II's wife listened to Rasputin's opinions and implemented his policies.
    • Rasputin also got his friends some positions in the Russian government.
    • Nobles feared the changes that were occurring in Russia and assassinated him.
    • Contributed to Bolshevik Revolution, as changes were not able to occur.

  • Rise of Lenin & Bolshevik Revolution (October Revolution)

    • Lenin was brought back to Russia after being exiled.
    • Lenin brought communism to Russia.
    • Appealed to many people there.
    • Lenin and his Bolshevik party overthrew the Russian government.
    • Contributed to the establishment of the USSR, as the USSR was created by Lenin, and the October Revolution put Lenin in power.

  • Abdication of Czar Nicholas II

    • Czar Nicholas II abdicated the throne due to ongoing pressure from the public.
    • Leaders of the Duma established a provisional (temporary) government.
    • People started losing hope in the new provisional government.
    • Conditions inside Russia worsened.
    • Contributed to the Bolshevik Revolution, as the people of Russia were able to implement their own "governments" without fear that Czar Nicholas II would punish them.
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    Civil War

    • War between supporters of the Revolution, and opposers of the revolution
    • Red Army (Bolsheviks) vs. White Army (anti-Bolsheviks)
    • The White Army was comprised of many types of people including conservatives, and foreign troops.
    • Leon Trotsky led the Red Army.
    • Red Army emerged victoriously.
    • Contributed to the establishment of the USSR, as it was implemented under Lenin's reign. The end of the Civil War put Lenin in total control over Russia.

  • Establishment of the USSR

    • In order to combat nationalism, Lenin created the USSR.
    • Lenin organized Russia into several self-governing republics, all under the central government of the USSR.
    • Led by Lenin and Communist Party (previously Bolshevik party)
    • Contributed to the long-term consequences, as it led to Stalin rising to power.
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    Stalin's Rise to Power

    • Stalin started as a general secretary of the Communist Party in 1922.
    • He worked behind the scenes to put his supporters in power.
    • In 1928, Stalin gained total control over the Communist Party.
    • Stalin ruled the Soviet Union as a dictator.
    • Contributed to long-term consequences, as Stalin was able to gain total control, and rule as an absolute dictator. He later implemented a reign of terror.

  • Lenin's Death

    • Lenin suffered from a stroke in 1922, but survived.
    • Competition for control over the Communist Party increased.
    • Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin were competition to Lenin.
    • Before dying in 1924, Lenin warned Russia about Stalin having too much uncontrollable power.
    • Contributed to long-term consequences, as Lenin's death increased competition. Stalin rose as an effect, and a reign of terror formed as a result.

  • Leon Trotsky's Exile

    • Leon Trotsky was exiled by Stalin in 1929.
    • Stalin had no opposition.
    • Stalin gained the power to rule as an absolute dictator
    -Contributed to long-term consequences as there was no one to oppose Stalin's leadership. Led to Stalin keeping power, and implementing a reign of terror without having the fear of being overthrown.