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Buildup and Aftermath
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-Czar Alexander III believed in autocracy in Russia and promoted the interests of the nobility (not the proletariat; a starting cause of the Bolshevik Revolution).
-Wanted one language and religion (Russian Orthodox Church), so he persecuted the Jews (antisemitism) -
-Ruled with autocracy and opposed public participation (people who protested were shot on Bloody Sunday)
-Made people angry by ignoring the proletariat's economic hardships
-Ignored ideas from advisors
-Failed to industrialize and took control of an unprepared Russian army during WW1
-Refusal to help the proletariat and autocracy caused Bolshevik revolution -
-Territorial dispute with Japan over Northern China (Manchuria)
-Japan won the war (Russia performed badly)
-Humiliating loss --> People viewed the Russian government as inefficient (Another cause of Bolshevik Revolution) -
It was created by Czar Nicholas II in 1905 who promised that it would be a representative assembly. He needed to split the opposition during the uprisings. However, he only created it to improve public opinion of him.
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-200000 Russians marched at Czar Nicholas II's palace to protest for relieving their bad working and living conditions
-Soldiers fired upon the protesters, killing over 100
-People rose up against the Czarist regime
(Turned supporters against him, another cause of Bolshevik Revolution) -
-Russia entered WW1 while lacking supplies and not being industrialized, causing them to back out early.
-Worsened public opinion of Czar Nicholas II and later the provisional government
Civil unrest among the people due to WW1 was a major cause of the Bolshevik Revolution. -
-While Czar Nicholas II was fighting in WW1, his wife Czarina was influenced by Rasputin (a "healer"). Nobles were worried that Rasputin was controlling the government, so he was assassinated by being poisoned, shot, and drowned.
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-Social reforms and loss of faith in the Czarist regime resulted in the abdication of Nicholas II
-Provisional Government was established (Later overthrown by Bolsheviks) -
-Russian Revolution of 1917
-Lenin and the Bolsheviks overthrow the "powerless" provisional government and created a new system of government in Russia
(Promoted communism which was supported by Soviet Groups) -
-A war to fight for control of Russia. Red Army (Bolsheviks) vs White Army (anti-revolutionaries + foreign powers)
-Fast-paced
-Red Army Wins
(Lenin was able to take control and found USSR) -
Stalin beats Trotsky in the race for power and becomes the next leader of the USSR for his aggressive strategies.
(Long-Term: Stalin ruled USSR as a dictator and killed millions in genocide) -
-Soviets are a group of workers, peasants, and military men (supported communism)
-Established Union of Soviets
(Long-Term: Disrupted foreign relations with the west due to their support of communism) -
-Lenin dies due to health reason
-Starts race to find a new leader of USSR -
-Trotsky was exiled when Stalin became leader of the USSR