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Decembrist Revolt
-Russian army officers led about 3,000 soldiers in a protest against Nicholas I's assumption of the throne after his elder brother Constantine removed himself from the line of succession
-Because these events occurred in December, the rebels were called the Decembrists
-The uprising, which was suppressed by Nicholas I, took place in the Senate Square in Saint Petersburg -
Emanzipation of the serfs
-This was the first and most important of liberal reforms effected during the reign of Alexander II of Russia.
-The reform amounted to the liquidation of serf dependence previously suffered by peasants of the Russian Empire. In some of its parts, the serfdom was abolished earlier.
-The 1861 Emancipation Manifesto proclaimed the emancipation of the serfs on private estates and of the domestic serfs. By this edict more than twenty-three million people received their liberty -
Bloody Sunday
-A massacre in St. Petersburg, Russia
-unarmed, peaceful demonstrators marching to present a petition to Tsar Nicholas II were gunned down by the Imperial Guard
-this massacre had grave consequences for the Tsarist regime, as the disregard for ordinary people shown by the massacre undermined support for the state. -
Revolution of 1905
-a wave of mass political and social unrest that spread through vast areas of the Russian Empire
-It included terrorism, worker strikes, peasant unrest, and military mutinies
-It led to the establishment of limited constitutional monarchy, the State Duma of the Russian Empire, the multi-party system, and the Russian Constitution of 1906. -
Russia Enters WWI
-Russia entered the first world war with the largest army in the world, standing at 1,400,000 soldiers; when fully mobilized the Russian army expanded to over 5,000,000 soldiers
-Though Tsar Nicholas wished to lead the Russian Army into battle personally, he was persuaded otherwise and instead named his uncle, the Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich Commander in Chief.
-The first offensive Russia launched was in August 1914, against Germany in East Prussia. -
Rasputin Murdered
-Rasputin had often been called the "Mad Monk", while others considered him a "strannik", believing him to be a psychic and faith healer
-Yussupov invited Rasputin to his home in St. Petersburg. Feeding him cyanide-laced wine and cakes, Yussupov thought killing Rasputin would be easy
- Rasputin collapsed from the poison, but did not die -
Czar Nicholas II Abdicates
-Nicholas II signed his abdcation at 3:05 PM
-The document was countersigned by the Minister of the Imperial Court, and directed to the Chief of Staff
-After the abdication, the royal family first remained in Czarskoe Selo then, by decision of the interim government, were transported to Siberia -
Bolshevik Revolution
-Czar Nickolas II is detroned during the "February Revolution"
-Bolsheviks Party won favor of workers and won the elctions
-Bolsheviks Party faught against the Provisional Government. "All power to the Soviets", they would say. -
March Revolution
-also known as the February Revolution and the Spring Revolution
-stared when 90 000 textile workers went on strike in Russia protesting about the shortage of fuel and bread,by the end of the week 400 000 people had joined the cause
-The army sent out to shoot the protestors, shot the officials instead and joined the protest. -
Murder of the Romanovs
-Nicholas and his family had been put under house arrest and kept just outside of St. Petersburg
-the family was awoken and told that there was trouble in Ekateringburg, and would be safer in the basement of the house
-Red Army soldiers appeared in the basement and shot those there -
Treaty of Versailles
-One of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. It ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers.
-Germany was required to accept sole responsibility for causing the war, to disarm, and make substantial territorial concessions and pay heavy reparations to certain countries that had formed the Entente powers.
-Germany was not pacified or conciliated, nor permanently weakened. This would prove to be a factor leading to later conflicts, notably and directly the Second World War -
Lenin Dies / USSR formed
-Vladimir Ilyich Lenin was the founder of the USSR
-The USSR a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991
-The mental strains of leading a revolution, governing, and fighting a civil war aggravated Lenin's physical condition, to sickness and later death on January 21 1924 -
Stalin Takes Power / Death of Trosky
-Trotsky was struck a fatal blow with an ice-pick by Ramon Mercader, an agent sent to Mexico by Stalin's secret police
-The GPU had already murdered- or driven to suicide-many members of Trotsky's family
-Stalin was the first General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee from 1922 until his death in 1953
