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Period: to
Russia
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Alexander I
Alexander I inherited the throne. He was open to liberal ideas.
He died in 1825. -
Decembrist Revolt
After Alexander I's death, a group of army officers led an uprising known Decembrist Revolt.
Fought Napoleon in the West Europe. -
Alexander II
Came to the throne in 1855 during the Crimean war. Liberals demanded changes, and students demonstrated for reforms. Pressed from all sides, Alexander II agreed to reforms in 1861, he issued a royal decree that required emancipation, or freeing the serfs. Alexander set up a system of local government. Elected assemblies, called zemstvos, were made responsible for matters such as road repair, schools, and agriculture. -
Nicolas II
May 18, 1868 - July 17, 1918
Last emperor of Russia, son of Alexander III. Thanks to him
Russia finally entered the industrial age. He secured foreign capital to invest in transportation system & industry.
(1891 - 1916) Loans from France helped to build the Trans-Siberian Railroad. It was build to connect iron and cool mines, and transport goods across Russia. -
Alexander III
Born in 1845 and died in 1894.
The son of Alexander II, and the one who wiped out liberals and revolutions, increased the power of the secret police, and restored strict censorship. He also exiled all critics to Serbia. Russification - aimed at suppressing the cultures of non-Russian people within the empire. Made it so only Russian was Spoken, and the Russian orthodox was the only church. -
March 1881
A cold day when Alexander III's father was assassinated by 2 terrorist bombers.
Programs - Persecution of Russian Jews, limited the number of Jews who were allowed to study in universities and Practice Professions such as law and medicine. Jews were also forced to live in restricted areas.
Pogroms - violent mob attacks on the Jews. -
War with Japan
Fought for Faith, the Czar, and Fatherland.
Russia faced humiliating defeat. -
Bloody Sunday
Peaceful demonstration marching to present a petition to Nicholas II were gunned down. 100ths dead and hurt.
People lost faith and trust in the Czar. -
Revolution of 1905
Strikes multiplied. In some cities workers took over local government. In the countryside, peaseants revolted and demanded land. At last, Nicholas was forced to announce sweeping reforms. He promised "freedom of person, conscience, speech, assembly and union". He also agreed to summon a Duma, or elected national legistature. No law would be passed without approval. -
Peter Stolypin
He was the new prime minister.
Arrests, porgroms, and executions fallowed as the conservative Stolypin sought to restore order. He soon realized that Russia needed reform, not just repression. He introduced moderate land reforms and strengthened zemstvos and improved education. These reforms were too limited to meet the broad needs of most Russians, and dissatification still simmered. He was assassinated in 1911. -
Vladimir Ulyanov (Lenin)
April 22, 1870 - January 21, 1924 Used false name "Lenin". Founder of Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Leader of 1917 October Revolution.
