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Decembrist Revolt
- Occured in the Senate Square
- Russian army leaders revolted against Nicholas I's assumption to the throne
- revolt was suppressed by Nicholas I
- caused by the sworn alligience to Constantine, Nicholas's brother
- many soldiers were apprehended for their actions, and turmoil raged inside Russian borders
- People later feared for survival if they disobeyed or didn't promise allegiance to the new Tsar
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Emancipation of the Serfs
- proclaimed the emancipation of serfs in large estates
- more than 23 million people gain liberty
- better living conditions were imposed
- new mir communities gave land equally to newly freed serfs
- caused by lack of freedom and angered peasants
- In Georgia, serfs were given large portions of land, even treated better than those freed in Russia
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Bloody Sunday
- Massacre in St. Petersburg, Russia
- peaceful demonstrators were gunned down by the Imperial Guard
- Target: a petition to Tsar Nicholas II, about changing society
- Tsars were viewed as neglecting the common people after the event -Bloody Sunday caused more support for a new state of Russia
- demonstration led by Father Gapon
- several demonstrations around St. Petersburg, that all ended with gunfire at the peaceful protestors
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Revolution of 1905
- Caused by social and political unrest
- peasants were angry at the Tsar
- led to the Russian Constitution, a limited constitutional monarchy, and the State Duma of the Russian Empire
- opposition rose against Tsar Nicholas II
- different strikes and rebellions occured during the time of unrest
- people were upset about the Russo-Japanese War
- political terrorism also increased during this time
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Russia enters World War I
- War started because the Austrian heir to the throne was killed
- Austrians felt it was the Serbians, who were allies with the Russians
- Germany declares war on Russia because of the treaties of previous wars and agreements between nations
- Russia had the largest army at the time of the war
- the war caused much damage to Europe and its image to the rest of the world -Germany was charged with reparations for the damages in the Treaty of Versailles
- Russia and allies were victorious!
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Rasputin Murdered
- Rasputin was peasant who claimed to have healing powers
- He angered the Tsaress at the time, because the nobles could not stand seeing a peasant that high of level
- He was known for going against the Tsar government
- It is said, Rasputin had been killed by stabbings, shootings, and drowning
- killed by Khionia Guseva,
- Consequences: Rasputin death, leaving a legend for decades, and sprouted new revolutions in Russia
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Tsar Nicholas II Abdicates
- troops mutinied against him and his reign
- unrest with his policies and the failure in war
- originally abdicated in favor of Alexei, but later revised his thoughts
- poor treatment of peasants also led to domestic unrest
- after his abidication, he was exiled, and the Russian government was changed
- He was the last Russian emperor
- Abdication led to the new formation of the USSR, and future issues
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March Revolution
- riots broke out in St. Petersburg
- many Russian citizens rebelled against the government
- wanted change in government, and social reform
- rebellions were caused by civil unrest with the way the country was being run during World War I
- the revolution ended the Romanov dynasty, the Russian empire, and caused the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II
- this paved the way for the Bolshevik revolution and the formation of the USSR
- military failures in World War I also provoked anger and change
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Bolshevik Revolution
- This revolution changed government in Russia
- gave power to common locals, and dominated by the Bolsheviks
- Started Russian Civil War (1917-1922)
- This revolution created the Soviet Union after the Russian Civil War
- Revolution caused by disorder in industry, politics, and transport
- Peasants began to uprise against the landowners in 1917
- Hundreds of thousands participated in demonstrations agaisnt the government
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Murder of the Romanovs
-Family was murdered in Ekateringburg
- were placed under house arrest after their abdiction
- the entire family was exiled from St. Petersburg, and later transported to the Ural Mts.
- Romanovs gave Lenin major problems, which is why they were being executed
-12 Red Army soldiers executed all in the family, except rumors say the Anastasia, the youngest daughter, survived the murder
- murder of the Romanovs created tension in the country -
Treaty of Versailles
-peace treaty at the end of World War I
- treaty between Germany and Allied Forces
- included many important and controversial agreements on both sides
- caused by the long fighting in World War I
- treaty made Germany pay heavy reparations, disarm and unoccupy land
- Germans were outraged at the terms of the treaty, which increased possibility of future war
- administered by the League of Nations, similar to the United Nations in modern society -
Lenin Dies/USSR forms
-Vladimir Lenin led the Red Army during the Russian Civil War, supported the October Revolution
- Was the first leader of Soviet Union
- Lenin studied law before his death
- Soviet Union was morphed by Lenin's policies
- USSR formed to better Russia
-USSR tried to become a superpower nation, and face the US in a Cold War - USSR begins to modernize into a competitive nation -
Stalin takes Power/Trotsky Dies
- Trotsky, a leader of Bolshevik revolution and marxist, dies in 1940
- Stalin takes power in 1922 -Stalin and Trotsky opposed eachother politically
- Trotsky organized attempts to overthrow Stalin
- Stalin gained popularity and changed policies of Soviet Union
- Stalin dies in 1953, causing new power fight over Soviet Union
