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Russian Revolution Emmett
History Project -
Czar Nicholas II Crowned
On May 26, 1896 Nicholas II was crowned at the Ouspenki Orthodox Church in Moscow and was the last czar to rule. He wasn’t trained or inclined to rule. The only reason he became the ruler was because of his father’s death. -
Russo-Japanese War pt.2
They were defeated by the Japanese Field Marshal Iwao Oyama, and in May, the Russian Baltic fleet commanded by Admiral Zinovi Rozhdestvenski was decimated by Togo near the Tsushima Islands. These defeats slowly drove the peasants to a point of rebellion aka the revolution of 1905. -
Russo-Japanese War Pt. 1
When Russia decided to deny Japan’s plan to divide Manchuria and Korea into colonies in which they had control of. Japan launched a naval attack against Port Arthur which was a Russian naval base in China. Their fleet was utterly destroyed. Japan was on a winning streak. In January 1905, the naval base of Port Arthur was siezed by Japanese naval forces who were commanded by Admiral Heihachiro Togo. Then in March, Russian troops were defeated at Shenyang, China. -
Russian Revolution pt. 2
Czar Nicholas didn’t handle the worsening situation very well because of his lack of training to be ruler. Refusing to accept what was happening, he thought that all of his subjects were happy with the way he ruled and that someone else had called for the demonstration on Bloody Sunday. The revolt soon raised in October and September. -
Russian Revolution pt.4
Thanks to the signing, millions joyously accepted the manifesto and called off the strike. However the various political parties were divided on how they felt about the manifesto. This split the Liberals into the Octobrists which saw the October manifesto as a basis for cooperation and the Kadets who concentrated on political reforms, introduce civil rights, and voting. The social Democrats were also split into the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks. -
Russian Revolution pt. 5
The Kadets were curious to see if the czar would carry out the reforms stated by the manifesto. A few hours after the signing of the manifesto, fighting broke out again between the conservatives and the socialists. The czar attempted to put down the revolution by using the army and the police to restore order, but the workers fought back. Eventually after many deaths, the government restored order. Socialists were arrested, killed, and beaten. -
Russian Revolution pt. 6
The jails soon filled up and then people were simply shot. Soon the results that was hoped for of the manifesto came. Freedom of Press, assembly, and association. -
Bloody Sunday pt. 1
On January 9, 1905 in St. Petersburg, 150,000 workers with their families marched to the Winter Palace to deliver an appeal of what was wrong with the economy. The father Georgy Gapon was the one to present the appeal to the tsar. The marchers were carrying pictures of the tsar and religious icons. When they almost made it to the palace, the tsars troop confronted the workers and opened fire on them. They killed 40 and wounded hundreds more. -
Bloody Sunday pt.2
This caused chaos and by the end of they day about 200 were dead and 800 wounded. These events altered the views of the tsar which had been admired for centuries. -
Russian Revolution pt. 1
Later on Bloody Sunday, furious workers were running wild and attacking officers and troops, looting shops, and stealing from the rich. Mostly the extremists like the liberals that were doing this while the peasants believed that the czar cared for them, not today. The peasants class had joined up with the liberals in a revolution. Soon, Russia had demonstrations and public violence around every corner. Soon the zemstvo congress called for a constitution and almost everyone agreed on reforms. -
Russian Revolution pt. 3
Workers had gone on strike and were being lead by a worker’s council which was led by Leon Trotsky (Leon was part of the Mensheviks which believed that a post-revolutionary government should be led by middle class). With millions protesting, control had been lost completely. On October 9th a senior adviser called Count Witte presented a list of reforms to the king. This was later known as the October Manifesto. This was constantly pushed for Nicholas to sign and he reluctantly did. -
Russian Civil War Starts pt. 2
Then, when the Bolsheviks took power they decided to let these units leave by going to the far east, but in may violent events occurred when the legion was being evacuated. On May 29 Leon Trotsky ordered them to surrender their arms and they refused. They overtook the local soviets attempts to disarm them and took the Trans-Siberian railroad to Moscow. -
Russian Civil War Starts pt. 3
They overtook the local soviets attempts to disarm them and took the Trans-Siberian railroad to Moscow. The recent events caused the Moscow government to crack down on the non-Bolshevik socialists, eventually in September the government created a campaign called the Red Terror which involved shooting hostages and giving increased power to the political police aka the Cheka. -
Russian Civil War Starts pt.1
Russian Civil War was started because of 3 reasons. The first cause was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk caused a party to break into the Mensheviks and the Bolsheviks. The Bolsheviks had made many enemies because of actions like their leader Vladamir Lenin closing the assembly and making peace with Germany. The second cause was the Czechoslovak legion which was composed of Slovak and Czech deserters from the Austria-Hungarian army. In the past Russia allowed them to form their own units. -
March Revolution pt. 3
Despite its strength, the soviet at first did not seize power openly. The Socialist Revolutionaries and Mensheviks dominated it and believed that at this stage of the revolution the bourgeois temporary government should rule. The government's program called for a general pardon, broad civil rights, and a constituent assembly to be elected by voting. This however failed to address the continuation of the war and reorganization of land. -
March Revolution pt, 2
It was under the control of Prince Lvov and included Milyukov and Kerensky. Most of the Russians welcomed the end of autocracy, but the temporary government had little support, and its power was limited by the Petersburg workers' and soldiers' soviet. They controlled the troops, communications, and transport. The soviet established soldiers' committees throughout the army and making officership elective. -
March Revolution pt. 4
The government announced that the question of land distribution could only be handled in the future constituent assembly. In March the soviet demanded peace. The foreign minister was forced to quit in May after demonstrations against him insisting on continuing the war. The cabinet was rearranged and several new socialists were added. Kerensky took over as the minister of war, and Viktor Chernov became the agricultural minister. -
March Revolution pt. 1
By March, 1917, most of the workers in St. Petersburg and Moscow were rioting for higher food rations. Most soldiers refused to stop the riots and were ready for mutiny. Nicholas II attempted to put down the workers by force and also dissolved the Duma. The Duma refused to obey, and the Petersburg rebels took over the capital. Nicholas was forced to abdicate the crown at Pskov after the Duma appointed a provisional government composed mainly of moderates. -
October Revolution pt. 1
The failed of the all-out military offensive in July increased discontent with the temporary government, and disorder and violence in the Petrograd led to popular request for the soviet to seize power. The government, the Menshevik, and Socialist Revolutionary leaders in the soviet lost support from the impatient soldiers and workers, who turned to the Bolsheviks. -
October Revolution pt. 3
Moscow was soon taken by force, and local groups of Bolshevik workers and soldiers gained control of most of the other cities of Russia. -
October Revolution pt. 2
At Kerensky's request, the Bolsheviks and other socialists came to the defense of the provisional government and the attempt was put down. From mid-September on the Bolsheviks had a majority in the Petrograd soviet, and Lenin urged the soviet to seize power, the Bolsheviks staged a coup, engineered by Trotsky; aided by the workers' Red Guard and the sailors of Kronstadt, they captured the government buildings and the Winter Palace in Petrograd. -
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
The treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on March 3, 1918 to end Russia’s involvement in WW1. This treaty was signed near the Polish Border. The defeats on the battlefield made the population very unhappy, especially the lower class citizens. The discontent strengthened the cause of the Bolsheviks. This radical socialist group led by Vladimir Lenin was working towards the downfall of the czar and soon, the rest of the world. -
Russian Civil War Ends
The Red Army’s victory was helped the lack of cooperation between the White Army’s commanders and also by the unbelievable reorganization of the Red forces after Trotsky became the commissar for war. The war was won with sacrifices. By 1920 Russia was ruined, abominations had been created on both sides. -
USSR Is Formed
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was established during a post-revolution time in Russia. It was made up of a confederation of Russia, Belorussia, Ukraine, and the Transcaucasian Federation. This was also known as the Soviet Union. This was the first country in the world to be based on Marxist socialism.
