Rome 212

By ameliafuj
  • Period: 10,000 BCE to 4000 BCE

    Neolithic Age

    "New Stone Age" period characterized by agriculture, permanent settlements, stone tools, organized society.
  • Period: 4000 BCE to 1200 BCE

    Bronze Age

    Characterized by bronze tools, made of a metal alloy, shields, sickles, farm tools
  • 2500 BCE

    Pyramids of Giza are built

  • Period: 1200 BCE to 900 BCE

    (Greek) Dark Ages

    Time gap between the Iron and Bronze Ages called the Dark Ages because of lack of written sources. Collapse of the Mycenean Bronze Age led to the regression of civilization, language disapearing.
  • Period: 900 BCE to 500 BCE

    Iron Age

    Characterized by iron tools, spearheads, sickles. Iron needs higher temperature to create than bronze.
  • Period: 753 BCE to 509 BCE

    Rome as a KINGDOM

  • Period: 753 BCE to 716 BCE

    King Romulus of Rome

    First of the 7 Legendary Kings of Rome, mythical most likely
  • 550 BCE

    The Servian Wall

    The defensive perimeter around the urban area of Rome
  • Period: 509 BCE to 27 BCE

    Rome as a REPUBLIC

  • 500 BCE

    Rome is a small city-state in central Italy

  • 500 BCE

    The Persian (Achaemenid) Empire

    Based in modern Iran. Persepolis (Iran) the heartland of the empire.
  • 493 BCE

    Cassian Peace Treaty

    Following Rome's defeat of the Latin League, Rome takes the military assets of the defeated enemy and hands out rights of citizenship as possible rewards, not full citizenship
  • Period: 382 BCE to 336 BCE

    Phillip II, king of Macedonia

    Father of Alexander the great
  • Period: 356 BCE to 323 BCE

    Alexander the Great

    Invaded the Persian Empire successfully, dethrones the Persian king, dies young in Babylon in 323 BC.
  • 337 BCE

    New alliance between Rome and the Latins

    Latin League is dissolved; replaced with bilateral treaties - individual city-states, not a more powerful league anymore. Introduction of "citizenship without the vote" (civitas sine suffragio). Basis of alliance is "submission in good faith" (deditio in fidem). Rome is very powerful.
  • 300 BCE

    Carthaginian (Punic) Empire

  • Period: 264 BCE to 241 BCE

    The First Punic War

    War between Romans and Carthaginians over control of Sicily. The east of Sicily at this time is mostly Greek and the west is mostly Carthaginian. This war was initiated after Rome received a request for help from campanian mercenaries.
  • Period: 241 BCE to 617

    Roman Geographical EMPIRE era

    241BC - Rome takes Sicily, it's first overseas territory, starting its conquering empire.
  • 238 BCE

    Sardinia and Corsica taken by Rome

    While Carthage was embroiled in a mercenary war (revolt), Rome betrayed the peace treaty to take Sardinia and Corsica just because they could
  • Period: 234 BCE to 149 BCE

    Cato the Elder

    Born in Tusculum; representative of non-traditional aristocracy. Rose to the consulship in 195. Served as military tribune in 192. Very moralistic; served as a censor in 184; railed against luxury and extravagance, believed in hard work and frugality. Career marked by extreme fear of anything foreign.
  • Period: 229 BCE to 160 BCE

    Aemilius Paullus

    General in Macedonian war who defeated Perseus. Got a triumph procession.
  • Period: 218 BCE to 201 BCE

    The Second Punic War

    Sparked by Carthaginian capture of Saguntum in Spain. In treaty with Romans, Carthaginians weren't supposed to go north of a certain river so they expanded west. Saguntum was a Roman ally. Hannibal (Carthaginian general) invades Italy, attempting to unravel the fabric of Rome's alliances. This ultimately fails as not enough allies betray Rome and the Carthaginians lose this war and Rome expands into Spain.
  • 216 BCE

    Phillip V of Macedonia allies himself with Carthage

  • Period: 214 BCE to 205 BCE

    The First Macedonian War

    While Rome is fighting Carthage, Phillip V, the Macedonian King, tries to expand his domains. War ends in stalemate; Phillip V still in power in Macedonia, several Greek cities allied with Rome. Greeks fear the Macedonians will overrun them and see the Romans as protectors.
  • Period: 212 BCE to 211 BCE

    Rome enters into alliances with Greek cities

    Foothold in Macedonian backyard
  • Period: 200 BCE to 197 BCE

    The Second Macedonian War

    Sparked by appeals for help from Greek cities against King Phillip V of Macedonia. Greek world de facto under Roman control. Romans defeat the Macedonians, and the power of the Macedonian king in Greece is curtailed, emboldening the Seleucid king. Restoration of "Greek freedom".
  • Period: 200 BCE to 118 BCE

    Polybius

    As a young man had been a successful politician in a league of Greek states that had dominated the northwestern Peloponnese. Captured Greek taken to Rome in 167BC as a long-term hostage whose presence in Rome with others would ensure obedience in the future. There he mingled with leaders of the Roman aristocracy. Said Rome became the power it did so quickly because of their mixed constitution and government.
  • 192 BCE

    Seleucid expansion into the Greek world leads to renewed Roman military intervention

  • 188 BCE

    War with Rome in Greece reduces the Seleucid Kingdom in size

  • Period: 171 BCE to 168 BCE

    Third Macedonian War

  • 167 BCE

    End of the Third Macedonian War

    When Macedonian power is essentially broken
  • Period: 149 BCE to 146 BCE

    The Third Punic War

    Started after a series of provocations by Rome - a war they wanted. Carthage is destroyed, remains can be seen in modern day Tunis. Romans leveled Carthage and buried it and built on top a new Roman Carthage. North Africa becomes a Roman province.
  • Period: 149 BCE to 148 BCE

    Fourth Macedonian War

  • 146 BCE

    Macedonia becomes a Roman province

    2 more Macedonian wars end the Macedonian Dynasty
  • 146 BCE

    Rome destroys Corinth

    After the final Macedonian War, a confederacy of Greek cities (the Achaean League) rebels against Rome. No match for Rome, the Achaean League is defeated; Rome destroys Corinth in retaliation.
  • Period: 115 BCE to 53 BCE

    Licinius Crassus

    Richest guy in the aristocracy
  • Period: 106 BCE to 48 BCE

    Pompey the Great

    Pompeius
  • Period: 100 BCE to 44 BCE

    Julius Caesar

  • Period: 95 BCE to 46 BCE

    Cato the younger

  • Period: 91 BCE to 88 BCE

    The Social War

    War with the socaea = war with the allies. Allies have been paying tribute to Rome through soldiers for years but cannot be involved in politics.
  • Period: 89 BCE to 87 BCE

    Allies recieve Roman citizenship

    Main outcome of the Social War
  • Period: 89 BCE to 13 BCE

    Aemilius Lepidus

  • Period: 83 BCE to 30 BCE

    Mark Antony

  • 63 BCE

    End of the Seleucid Kingdom

    after shrinking and shrinking, gets put out of its misery by Roman general Pompey the Great. What little is left is turned into the Roman province of Syria.
  • Period: 63 BCE to 14

    Octavius (Augustus)

    Adopted son of Julius Caesar
  • Period: 60 BCE to 53 BCE

    Informal Alliance "The First Triumvirate" (formerly)

    Informal alliance of Julius Caesar, Pompeius (Pompey), and Licinius Crassus.
  • 59 BCE

    Consulship of Julius Caesar

    Caesar given 5 year command in Gaul
  • Period: 59 BCE to 17

    Livy

    Roman historian; knew Emperor Augustus but never went into politics. Aims to look at morals and individuals in history.
  • Period: 58 BCE to 50 BCE

    Caesar's Wars in Gaul

    Caesar wants more military victory and gets it.
  • 56 BCE

    Alliance renewed + division of territory between Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey

    Division of territory by Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey. Caesar gets Gallia (already there). Crassus gets Syria. Pompey gets Spain (where there is still active warfare).
  • 53 BCE

    Battle of Carrhae

    Defeat and death of Crassus
  • Period: 49 BCE to 27 BCE

    Fall of the Roman Republic

  • 48 BCE

    Battle of Pharsalus

    Pompey vs. Caesar. Starts a civil war; the senatorial elite and Pompey flee but Caesar catches them and makes Pompey fight. Pompey survives the battle and flees to Egypt.
  • 48 BCE

    Pompey assassinated by Ptolemy XIII

    Ptolemy XIII was surprised that Caesar was enraged by his killing of Pompey, his rival, but Pompey was also Caesar's son-in-law and a great general. Caesar was furious and wanted to end Ptolemy XIII's rule.
  • 44 BCE

    Caesar has himself named dictator for life

    The senatorial elite are not happy with this, and they conspire against him and ultimately assassinate him, seeing it as the only way to get rid of him.
  • 44 BCE

    Assassination of Caesar

    Caesar is assassinated, primarily by Brutus and Cassius in the portico of the Theatre of Pompey. Caesar felt betrayed by Brutus because he had trusted him and given him some control of Gaul. Brutus expected to be celebrated as the great liberator of Rome, and even minted a commemorative coin of Caesar's assassination with freedom symbolism, but the Caesarian faction is stronger than expected. Brutus and Cassius flee to the East and establish themselves.
  • 43 BCE

    The Triumvirate (Octavius, Antony, & Lepidus)

    "Triumvirs for confirming the Republic with consular power". Put together to clean things up in the civil war context to re-establish the republic.
  • 42 BCE

    Battle at Philippi (Antony & Octavius vs. Brutus and Cassius)

    Octavius and Antony defeat Brutus and Cassius in 2 battles near Philippi in northern Greece.
  • 40 BCE

    The Triumvirate divides Roman territory

    Octavian: Italy, Spain, Gual, Illyricum, Sicily
    Antony: Macedonia, Asian, Galatia, Syria, Cyprus, + more
    Lepidus: Africa, Carthage
  • 36 BCE

    Lepidus is muscled out of the Triumvirate

  • 36 BCE

    Antony invades Parthia

    He (Antony) is defeated at Atropatene; doesn't die but loses lots of assets.
  • 31 BCE

    Octavius defeats Antony and Cleopatra at the battle of Actium

    Supposedly Antony kills himself after hearing Cleopatra killed herself but she did not, then he dies in her arms and she kills herself.
  • 30 BCE

    Egypt becomes a Roman province

  • 28 BCE

    Restoration of constitutional government by Octavius

  • 27 BCE

    Roman Republic ends

    In 27BC the republic ends, it had been long dead but this was the clear ending and beginning of a new era.
  • 27 BCE

    Octavius receives the title Augustus

  • Period: 27 BCE to 617

    Rome as an EMPIRE (Governmental system)

  • Period: 27 BCE to 284

    Principate

    Princeps = "first citizen". Augustus cannot call himself 'king' or 'dictator' because that did not end well for the others who did that. In the Principate, the Republican institutions are still in place nominally, but there is a one-man rule by a princeps.
  • 19 BCE

    Augustus recovers standards captured by the Parthians from Crassus and Antony

    Renewal and expansion of Augustus powers; death of Virgil; publication of the Aeneid
  • 6

    Judaea becomes a province

  • 9

    Augustus' first major defeat: The Battle in the Teutoburg Forest

    General Varus loses 3 legions.
  • 13

    Tiberius granted power equal to that of Augustus in the provinces

  • 14

    Tiberius succeeds to the position of Augustus upon his death

  • Period: 40 to 120

    Plutarch

    Lived later than the events he was talking about; writes history as a biography. Philosophy about virtue brought to historical work.
  • Period: 41 to 54

    The Emperor Claudius - Reign

  • Period: 43 to 84

    The Conquest of Britain

  • 617

    Fall of the Roman Empire; Start of the Middle Ages