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Alfred Thayer Mahan
-Mahan stressed the independence of the "Military" and control of the sea
-Mahan greatly influenced the buildup of naval forces in the years prior to ww1
-Alfred Phrase was "whether they will or not, Americans most now begin to look outward. The growing production pf the century demands it
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Sanford B. Doie as President
1890's Queen Liliuokalani, the native ruler tried to take political power back from American land owners In response AL overthrew the queen in 1893 Sanford B. Doie led the provisional gov. while it worked out plans for the U.S to annex the island Dole worked to limit native rights in 1887 & helped to overthrow the queen when Pres. Cleveland refused to annex HI because of the planters actions in seizing power Doie served as HI's Pres After the outbreak of SA war Congress voted to Annex HI in 1890 -
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Sanford B. Dole
Relations with the U.S.
-U.S Naval Port (Pearl Harbor)
President at the time
-Pres. Grover Cleveland denied annexation then later passed by congress to annex Hawaii (1898)
Effects of relations
-Over throw of Queen Liliuokalani by Sanford
-Dote became President of Hawaii
-Annexation of Hawaii because of Spanish American War
-Dote becomes governor of Hawaii (1900-1903)
Long Term Connections
-One of Dole's cousins developed the "Dole" pineapple Company
-U.S Naval Port (Pearl Harbor) -
USS Maine
-The USS Maine was sent to Cuba to protect American Citizens while Cuba revolutionaries were fighting to win Independence from Spain.
-Publishers Pulitzer & Heart Newspaper deliberately sensationalized the news; depicting the Spaniards as Murderous & brutes in order to sell newspaper, having media's reaction outraged Americans & embarrassed Spain.
-This technique became known as Yellow Journalism. -
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Spanish American War
-After the explosion of the USS Maine and the U.S wanted European powers to remain out western hemisphere were reasons of war.
-Military actions happened in Cuba,Puerto Rico, and Guatemala.
-The treaty of Paris was signed, U.S gained the Philippines, Guatemala and all Spain's colonies and Puerto Rico without exception Cuba, do to U.S they became known as world power. -
Open Door policy
-The protecting of Equal privileges among European Countries trading with China and in support of Chinese territorial U.S worried other Europeans would soon divide China into colonies and shut out the U.S
-U.S proposed that China's door be open to Merchants of all nations, the effects no more spheres of influence policy protected China's Freedom from colonization.
-Boxer Rebellion were upset over foreign influence in China they especially disliked Christians U.S was involved to protect. -
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Theodore Roosevelt
-Became Governor of N.Y with the Republican Party, In 1901 Teddy became William McKinley UP. When McKinley was assassinated, Roosevelt became Pres.
-He became the youngest man to become Pres. he also won 2nd term in 1904. Teddy's foreign policy was to speak softly and carry a big stick, on the other hand however, he also feared giving too much power to labor unions & businesses. His square deal policies attempted to strike a balance between labor union & big businesses. -
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Panama Canal by U.S.
-The U.S wanted to build the Panamal Canal to shorten the ocean journey from the East coast to the West coast
-The U.s entered into negotiations but could not agree on terms, Pres. Roosevelt struck a deal with Panamanian rebels who wished to obtain their Independence
-Roosevelt recognized Panama as a new country, Panama gave the U.S control of a 10-mile rain-forest called Panamal Canal Zone
-Took 10 years to complete, it cost of thousands of lives and $400 million. -
Roosevelt Corollary
-The Roosevelt Corollary changed the Monroe doctrine
-The Monroe doctrine blocked further expansion of Europe in the Western hemisphere, the Roosevelt corollary went one step further
-Renounced interventionism and established his good neighbor policy for the Western Hemisphere. -
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Dollar Diplomacy
-Purpose of dollar diplomacy was a form against american foreign policy to further its aims in Latin America & East Asia through use of its economic power by guaranteeing loans made to foreign countries.
-One of its advantages would be to encourage U.S investments in south & Central American, The Caribbean. -
C. Theodore Roosevelt Battle of San Juan Hill "Rough Riders"
-Assistant secretary if the Navy Theodore Roosevelt raised a volunteer force known as the Rough Riders Acting with other army regiments they defeated Spanish forces at San Juan hill in Cuba.