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Henry Cabot Lodge
-He strongly supported both imperialism and a stronger navy
-He was in charge of the Congressional Committee that was in charge of investigators
-Was against joining the league of nations and felt the U.S would lose its freedom of its actions
Imperialism- a policy of ex trading a country' power and influence through diplomacy and military force -
Alfred Thayer Mahan
-Mahan influenced the US military policy by the ideas in his book The influence of Sea Power Upon History
-Mahan's idea influenced naval power by the US seeking new markets aboard through the navy on the seas, and his emphasis upon acquisition of naval bases, including Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt -
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Alfred Trayed Mahan
-Mahan influence the u.s military policy by the ideas in his book the influenced of sea power upon history
-Manhan's idea influenced naval power by the U.S sealing new abroad through the navy on the sea , and his emphasis upon acquisitions of naval bases, the idea ran by the assistant secretary of the navy , Theodore Roosevelt -
Presidency of Stanford B Dole
-The US Navy use Hawaii as a gas staion
-He helped overthrow the queen of Hawaii and shortly afterwards he had gotten elected president of Hawaii which led to the annexation of Hawaii to the US
-He was born in Hawaii and his family developed the pineapple company -
Sinking of the US Maine
-The Maine was sent to Cuba to protect American citizens while the Cuban revolutionaries were fighting Spain for independence
-The newspaper writers on blamed Spain for the explosion so there was a public uproar
-Many Americans saw this as a chance to seize other overseas possessions and begin building and American Empire -
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Spanish American War
-Was conflict between the U.S and Spain
-The war was to end Spanish colonial rule in the U.S and a chance for the U.S to be an empire
-It was in the western pacific and Latin american like Philippines, Samoa, Guam, Wake Island, and Cuba
-Congress support a modernization program that would make america navy effective and strong -
Open Door Policy
-Purpose of the policy was to give all nations equal rights when trading with China
-The Treaty would oppose any attempts by other nations to use the rebellion as an excuse to dismember China
-This policy was the US attempt towards world power -
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Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt
-Roosevelt unexpectedly became the 26th president of the U.S after the assassination of McKinley
-Roosevelt's "Square Deal" domestic program included a promise to battle large industrial combinations or trusts,which threatened to restrain trade
-Foreign policy was to bring the United out of its isolationism & fulfill it responsibility as a world of power
-He established the United Sates Forest Service
-After the death of Garret Hobart Theodore became vice-president -
Roosevelt Corollary
-Convinced that all of Latin America was vulnerable to European attack
-President Roosevelt dusted of the Monroe Doctrine and added his own corollary
-The Monroe Doctrine blocked further expansion of Europe in the Western hemisphere, the Roosevelt Corollary went one step further
-was used to justify us intervention throughout the hemisphere -
German Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
-Germany declared the area around the British Isle a war zone, which all ships would be attacked by the German navy. A string of attacks on merchant ships followed culminating in the sinking of the Lusitania by a German U-boat
-The incident prompted the US president Woodrow Wilson to send a note to the German government demanding an end to German attacks against unarmed merchant ships, and the German navy commanders, did not accept this agree of passivity and continued. -
Sinking of Lusitania
-Less than a year ago after WW1 a German u-boat the RMS a British ocean liner route from New York to liver pool, England -
Sussex Pledge
-The Sussex Pledge was a promise made in 1916 during WW1 by Germany to the US prior to the latter's entry into the war, Early in 1915 Germany ha instituted a policy of unrestricted ships, but not passenger ships o be torpedoed without warning -
Espionage Age
-The act was designed to crush subversion and silence critics of the war. For those convicted of aiding the enemy obstructing military recruitment, protesting, conscription, or say or doing anything to impede the war effort
-The maximum fine wads up to 810,000 and 20 years in Federal prison -
American Telegram
-This was message from the German foreign minister to Mexico
-The war between the US and Germany is published on the front pages of newspaper across America to help bring America into WW1 -
Zingerman Telegram
-This was a message from the German Foreign Minister to Mexico Gov.
-The war between the US and Germany was published on the front pages of newspapers across America to help bring America into WW1 -
Fourteen point plan
-The 14 point plan ideas were distributed world wide by the government writing for George Creel in the American Committee on public information
-Millions of copies of booklets and pamphlets that explained Wilson plans were distributed to allied nations and dropped from planes above Germany
-Allies agreed to accept the 14 points as the basis for the country peace negotiations if Wilson would agree to two reservations -
American Expeditionary Force
-The commanding general was John J. Pershing
-The AEF's nickname was "Doughboys"
-They had more than 500,000-1,000,000 men the AEF sustained about 320,000 causalities and 204,000 wounded during the war
-US divisions were deployed with French and British units to gain contact experience by defending relatively quiet section of their lines. The AEF helped push the allied powers toward victory under the command of General J. Pershing . -
Battle of Argonne Forest
-The AEF (American Expeditionary Force) assembled 6000,000 soldiers 400,000 pieces of artillery
-A total of 1.2 million Americans were involved 117 were killed or wounded
-Fought threw the hilly terrain shattered the German line
- Final allied offensive of WWI that restricted along the entire western front to help end the war -
Alvin York
- He was said to kill over 20 German soldiers and captured an additional 132 at the head of a small detached in the Argonne Forest near the Meuse River in France -German commander had underestimated the size of the enemy squadron, surrendered his garrison of 90 men -York was awarded the highest military decoration, the Congressional Medal of Honor
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Supreme Court
-Issue: The first Amendment violated when congress makes a law that punishes opinions against the war.
-Congress passed a law called The Esponage Act said that during wartime obstructin the draft was crime
-The court rules that there is limits to free speech. Free speech is not protected from falsely should "Fire" i crowded theater and causing panic. The first amendment did not protect words that create a "clear and present danger" -
Treaty Of Versailles
-The treaty terms was Germany to take the blame, Germany had to give up land to France and 4 other countries, Germany had to pay for all the reparations, and the Germany Army was limited 100,000 men. The League of Nations was created
-The Us saw this as as unfair punishment, so Woodrow Wilson proposed 14 points
-The US was offered ti join the League but turned it down because of foreign affairs, sot he US went into isolation until the Stock Market Crash -
Schenck V. United States
-He distributed thousand of flyers to America servicemen recently drafted to fight in WW1, the flyers asserted that the draft amounted to "involuntary servitude" and that the war itself was motivated by capitalist greed, and urged draftees to petition to repeal of the draft
-The courts ruling was Schenck got sent to jail for 6 months
-His speech created a clear and present danger of insubordination in wartime, and was a man who cries
-"Fire!" in a crowded theater causing panic -
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Expanding World Power
-In this time period< America changes their view from internal expansion and domestic issues to becoming a global force, both economically and military -
League of Nations
-The treaty created the league of nations, an organization of nation pledge to defend each other against aggressors
-The US congress denied president Wilson's 14 points along with the league of nations
- the league was severely weakened when several major powers such as the U.S and Russia failed to join it -
WW1
-Central powers-Austria, Hungary-German Empire, ottoman empire, kingdom of Bulgaria, Bosnia, Italy, & United States
-Tripe Entente- France, Russian, Great Britain, Serbia & Japan
-The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand -
Dollar Diplomacy
-was to create stability and order aboard that ould best promote American commercial interests
-To improve financial opportunitoes to use private capital further US interest over seas
-Taft administration concentrated in assis -
Weapons of Total War: Part 2
-Machine guns, fully automatic mounted or portable firearm, design to fire bullets in a quick succession from an ammunition belt
-Developed for rapid firing
-One of the most deadliest and devastating weapons Trench Warfare
-Method of fighting were opposing armies fought from defending their territories using a system of dug out trenches \
-To construct a thought out system that underwent constant revision
-Protected men from machine guns
