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1096
Battle of Civetot
The Battle of Civetot was a fight between the Seljuk forces and the People’s Crusade, which was mainly peasants from Christian lands. This was the first notable armed conflict between Muslim and Christian forces which resulted in a disastrous outcome for the Christian crusaders. http://www.10000battles.com/battles2.php?bat=2423 -
Period: 1096 to 1291
The Crusades
The Crusades were religious wars between Christians and Muslims started because of secure control of holy sites considered sacred by both groups. The ruthless conflicts enhanced the status of European Christians making them liable players for the fight of land. -
1097
The Sage of Antioch
It was one of the first significant battles of the First Crusade. This helped mark the arrival of the Crusades in the Holy Land. https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1252/the-siege-of-antioch-1097-98-ce/ -
1148
The Siege of Damascus
The Siege of Damascus was the final act of the Second Crusade which ended in a decisive crusader defeat. The European army was unsuccessful. The crusades' faded out with its leaders returning home even more bitter and angry with each other than before. https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1260/the-siege-of-damascus-1148-ce/ -
1187
Battle of Hatin
This Battle of Hattin took place after the second Crusade and just before the third Crusade. The battle was a fight between the Ayyubid forces of Sultan Salah-ud-din Ayyubi and the Crusader forces with figures like Raynald of Chatillon, Guy of Lusignan, and Gerard de Rideford in it. https://www.worldhistory.org/Battle_of_Hattin/ -
1291
The Fall of Acre
The Mamluks, Muslims attacked the important city of Acre. It was the last stronghold to fall to the Muslims. The Mamluks were very savage compared to the early Muslims in the earlier Crusades. https://aspectsofhistory.com/the-fall-of-the-knights-templar/ -
Period: 1346 to 1353
Black Death
The black death was a pandemic during went through Europe and North Africa. It originated in China and Inner Asia and is know as the bubonic plague. In 1346 people infected with the virus and the army started to capture the infected body's. In May of 1347 ships had people infected with the virus and a lot of there population was getting infected. Then in October of 1347 another Caffan ship was infected barley alive and half dead. https://www.history.com/news/black-death-timeline -
1356
The Battles in Poitiers
The battle in politiers was when the Black Prince of Wales Edward defeated the French. In the course of the battle, the French king, John II, was taken prisoner and brought to England. This resulted in civil chaos in France. https://www.thoughtco.com/hundred-years-war-battle-of-poitiers-2360735 -
1381
The Peasants Revolt
The Peasants Revolt was the most popular rebellion in English history. Many peasants rebelled against King Richard II. The peasants were really angry about a range of issues, the biggest issue for them was low payment and the introduction of a poll tax. https://www.historyextra.com/period/medieval/your-guide-peasants-revolt-facts-timeline/ -
1389
The Battle of Kosovo
The battle of Kosovo was when the ethnic Albanians fought ethnic Serbs and the government of Yugoslavia in Kosovo. The conflict gained widespread international attention and was resolved with the intervention of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Battle_of_Kosovo -
1397
Union of Kalmar
The Queen of Sweden Margaret completed the conquest of Denmark and Norway, she then went on to form the Kalmar League, which became a Union of Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. https://www.britannica.com/place/Kalmar-Union -
1397
The Medici bank is founded
The Medici Bank was a financial institution created by the Medici family in Italy during the 15th century. It was the largest and most respected bank in Europe during its prime. http://www.themedicifamily.com/The-Medici-Bank.html -
Period: 1400 to 1495
Early Renisance
The Early Renaissance was a revolutionary time in culture and the visual arts. New techniques emerged that changed the shape literally and figuratively of how art related to the world. The word "Renaissance" is the Italian word for rebirth. -
Period: 1400 to
age of exploration
The Age of Exploration was a significant portion of the unknown world was mapped during this short period. Also, many advances were made in navigation and mapping which helped future explorers and travelers. -
1410
Battle of Grunwald
In the Battle of Grunwald the Teutonic Knights suffered a blow from which they never recovered. German supremacy in the Baltic area was broken and Poland-Lithuania began to be regarded in the West as a great power. https://cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/b/Battle_of_Grunwald.htm -
1413
Brunelleschi creates Linear Perspective
Linear perspective is a system of creating an illusion of depth on a flat surface. All parallel lines in a painting or drawing using this system. This allowed artists to move toward a more realistic portrayal of nature and to achieve the illusion of depth on a two-dimensional surface. https://www.britannica.com/art/linear-perspective -
1415
Battle of Agincourt
The Battle of Agincourt resulted in the victory of the English over the French. The English army, led by King Henry V, famously achieved victory in spite of the numerical superiority of its opponent. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/battle-of-agincourt -
1429
Joan of Arc and the Siege of Orleans
Joan of Arc was a teenage French peasant who successfully led a French force to break the siege. It was the French royal army's first major military victory to follow the crushing defeat at the Battle of Agincourt in 1415. https://www.jeanne-darc.info/location/the-siege-of-orleans-1428-1429/ -
1436
Johannes Gutenberg Printing Press
The printing press enabled the mass production of books and the rapid spread of knowledge throughout Europe. The immediate effect of the printing press was to cut the costs of books. https://www.history.com/news/printing-press-renaissance -
1455
Gutenberg bible is published
The Gutenberg Bible was the earliest major book printed using mass-produced movable metal in Europe. The Gutenberg Bible had been designed for liturgical usage in ecclesiastical settings. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Gutenberg-Bible -
1464
Cosimo de Medici dies
Cosimo was considered the father of the nation by some. The dynasty he founded ruled Florence until 1494. He didn't take office for long the reason is because his dalliance in politics landed him in prison and subsequent exile for a period of time. https://www.historytoday.com/archive/months-past/death-cosimo-de-medici -
Period: 1490 to 1527
high renaissance
There was extensive innovation and development in painting, architecture, and sculpture during this period, from new painting media like oils to new techniques in perspective. Some of the great High Renaissance artists also include Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael. -
1492
Christopher Columbus Discovers the Native Americans
Italian explorer Christopher Columbus made landfall in what is now the Bahamas. Columbus and his ships landed on an island that the native Lucayan people called Guanahani. https://www.history.com/topics/exploration/christopher-columbus -
1496
The Last Supper Painting Drawn
The Last Supper Painting was one of the most famous artworks in the world, painted by Leonardo da Vinci. This painting illustrates the scene from the last days of Jesus Christ, as described in the Gospel of John 13:21. https://artincontext.org/the-last-supper-da-vinci/ -
1503
Leonardo da Vinci paints the Mona Lisa
This painting was commissioned by a rich Italian merchant, Francesco del Gioconda, who wanted to place a portrait of his wife, Lisa, in their new home. https://www.unjourdeplusaparis.com/en/paris-culture/histoire-de-la-joconde -
Period: 1517 to
Reformation
The Reformation became the basis for the founding of Protestantism, one of the three major branches of Christianity. It led to the reformulation of certain basic tenets of Christian belief and resulted in the division of Western Christendom between Roman Catholicism and the new Protestant traditions. -
Period: 1520 to
late renaissance
It marked the diffusion of the Italian Renaissance to other parts of Europe. It also saw the creation of more complex and elaborate works, such as those made by Titian and Tintoretto. -
1537
First Bible printed in English by Miles Coverdale
The Coverdale Bible was the first complete Modern English translation of the Bible and the first complete printed translation into English. https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/coverdale-bible -
1541
De Soto discovers Mississippi River
In May 1541, the army reached and crossed the Mississippi River, probably the first Europeans ever to do so. A photo was constructed during this time that shows Hernando De Soto riding a white horse and dressed in Renaissance finery, arriving at the Mississippi. https://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-resources/spotlight-primary-source/de-sotos-discovery-mississippi-1541 -
1543
Battle of Wayna Daga
The Battle of Wayna Daga was a large-scale battle between the Ethiopian forces assisted by Portuguese musketeers and cavalry. Ahmad was shot by a musketeer before being beheaded. Once the Imam's soldiers learned of his death, they fled the battlefield. https://dbpedia.org/page/Battle_of_Wayna_Daga -
Period: 1550 to
Scientific Reformation
It was the discovery of a new view of nature emerged during the Scientific Revolution, replacing the Greek view that had dominated science for almost 2,000 years. Science became an autonomous discipline, distinct from both philosophy and technology, and it came to be regarded as having utilitarian goals. -
1558
Elizabeth I becomes Queen of England
Elizabeth succeeded to the throne on her half-sister's death in November 1558. She was very well-educated and had inherited intelligence, determination and shrewdness from both parents. Which meant she would be a great queen. https://www.royal.uk/elizabeth-i -
1564
William Shakespeare's born
William Shakespeare was an English playwright, poet and actor. He is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's greatest dramatist. https://www.shakespeare.org.uk/explore-shakespeare/shakespedia/william-shakespeare/when-was-shakespeare-born/ -
Henri iv becomes king of France
Henry was crowned King of France at the Cathedral of Chartres on 27 February 1594. Pope Clement VIII lifted excommunication from Henry on 17 September 1595. https://www.britannica.com/summary/Henry-IV-king-of-France -
African Slave Trade
The first Africans forced to work in the New World left from Europe at the beginning of the sixteenth century. This was a segment of the global slave trade that transported between 10 million and 12 million enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas. https://www.britannica.com/topic/transatlantic-slave-trade