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Four armies of Crusaders were formed from troops of different Western European region. When the four main armies of Crusaders arrived in Constantinople Alexius insisted that their leaders swear an oath of loyalty to him.
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Having achieved their goal in an unexpected short period of time after the First Crusade many of the Crusaders departed for home. Guarded by formidable castles the Crusader states retained the upper hand in the region.
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After numerous attempts by the Crusaders of Jerusalem to capture Egypt. Outrage over these defeats inspired the Third Crusade led by rulers such as the aging Emperor Frederick Barbarossoa.
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One ship that is infected arrives in Constantinople and it looses 90 percent of it's population.
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When another ship docks in Sicily the crew were barley alive, the plague kills half the population. Fleeing residents spread the plague to mainland Italy where one-third of it's population is dead by summer.
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The plague angers the Europeans making them think that the Jews were the ones that started it and they start massacres of Jewish communities. The first massacre begins in Provence where 40 Jews were murdered.
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Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian painter that painted "The Mona Lisa", an architect, inventor, and "Renaissance Man". Leonardo da Vinci also painted "The Last Supper.
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The first book that Gutenberg's Printing press printed was the Gutenberg Bible. Gutenberg's Printing press was also used to spread information.
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During the 14th century humanism began to gain momentum in Italy. Humanism prompted that people should embrace human achievements in education, classical arts, literature, and science.
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Spain finances Christopher Columbus voyage to find a Western trade rout to Asia. Columbus lands in the Caribbean in 1492 convinced he has reached East Asia.
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Hoping to find a northwest passage to Asia explorer John Cabot sets out on a voyage from England. When he lands on the east coast of North America he claims the land in the name of King Henry VII mistakenly believing he is in Asia.
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Nicolaus Copernicus was an astronomer and mathematician known as the father of modern astronomy. He was the first European scientist to propose that the Earth and other planets revolve around the sun.
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The Reformation began in Wittenberg, Germany when Martin Luther published a document called Disputation on the Power of Indulgences or 95 Thesis. The 95 Thesis was a series of 95 ideas about Christianity.
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Spanish explorer and Hernan Cortes lands on the coast of Mexico with 600 men, 16 horses, and a few cannons. While the Spaniards are outnumbered by the Aztecs they capture and demolish the capital city of Tenochtitlan.
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The Reformation Parliament passed laws abolishing papal authority in England and declared Henry to be head of the Church of England. Final authority in doctrinal disputes now rested with the monarch.
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The Acts of Supremacy are two acts passed by the Parliament of England in 16th century that established the English monarchs as head of the Church of England. Two similar laws were passed by the parliament of Ireland.
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A Dutch father-son team named Hans and Zacharias Janssen invented the first compound microscope. They discovered that if you put a lens on top and bottom of a tube it would make objects look bigger.
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Galileo demonstrates from the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa by dropping weight's. he wanted to show that gravity causes objects of different mases to fall with the same acceleration.