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The Crusades were religious wars that took place from 1096 to 1492. These wars were fought between the Muslims and Christians, and the main goal of the Crusades was to recover the area around Jerusalem and Jerusalem itself.
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When the First Crusade occurred, multiple armies were created out of Crusaders. They headed to Byzantium and a lot of these soldiers injured and killed many Jews. The four main armies of Crusaders stopped at Constantinople, and from there they would fight numbers of people for land. This would eventually lead to the fall of Jerusalem.
Source: https://www.history.com/topics/middle-ages/crusades#the-first-crusade-1096-1099 -
The Second Crusade occurred because a certain Crusader state was lost due to Edessa being captured. Many people were surprised when they heard this, and the idea of another Crusade began to spread. Soon enough, the Second Crusade started. They mostly attacked the Syrian stronghold with a large army.
Source: https://www.history.com/topics/middle-ages/crusades#the-second-crusade-1147-1149 -
The Third Crusade most likely occurred because of multiple defeats and the people's reaction to these losses. During this time, one of the rulers, King Richard I of England won the battle of Arsuf. Christianity was spread and near the end of the Third Crusade, a peace treaty was signed that assisted the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
Source: https://www.history.com/topics/middle-ages/crusades#the-second-crusade-1147-1149 -
Due to multiple power struggles and resistance from the Byzantine church, Alexius IV was killed. This enraged the Crusaders and led to the Fourth Crusade. They aimed for Constantinople and by the end of the Fourth Crusade, Constantinople fell.
Source: https://www.history.com/topics/middle-ages/crusades#the-second-crusade-1147-1149 -
The Final Crusade began by the command of Pope Innocent III before his death. Egypt was attacked by the Crusaders but the Muslim defenders caused them to surrender.
Source: https://www.history.com/topics/middle-ages/crusades#the-second-crusade-1147-1149 -
This plague was a terrifying and deadly thing that spread through many areas very quickly. The main ways it spread were by the trade routes and by ship / transportation. The Black Death was very painful and had a 50% death rate if it wasn't treated. Source: https://www.history.com/news/black-death-timeline -
The Black Death was a deadly plague that infected lots of areas and people. Unfortunately Europe received the worst of the plague, and lots of panic was caused. Millions of people were killed and the aftermath was overall pretty bad.
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Another plague unfortunately enters Europe. Again, it emerged because of ships that transported things / people that were infected. Meanwhile, many other places like Venice and Italy are struggling with the plague and angers many people. This led to massacres aimed at the Jews.
Source: https://www.history.com/news/black-death-timeline -
Religious groups known as the Flagellants appeared and sang. Not only this, though, but they also hurt themselves until they were wounded and not in a good condition. These groups were very violent and were for anti-Semitism. During this, the plague spread and killed lots of people which caused more rage and anti-Semitism.
Source: https://www.history.com/news/black-death-timeline -
People became terrified and devastated as the plague reached London. The people of London ran out of the area and tried to look for supplies. The streets in London became dirtied by the trash and human waste, and Edward blamed the plague. More massacres occurred, and many more people died.
Source: https://www.history.com/news/black-death-timeline -
The plague began to calm down as people quarantined. Around 50 percent of Europe's population was lost, and 210 Jewish communities had been massacred. Europe's society changed, and their feudal system was dying.
Source: https://www.history.com/news/black-death-timeline -
During this time, the idea of art and architecture was spread, and the de Medici Family rose. This family was very rich and had a good amount of power. Not to mention, the Catholic church gained large amounts of land.
Source: https://www.thoughtco.com/renaissance-timeline-4158077 -
The Early Renaissance was basically the start or early periods of the Renaissance. It was a time where people developed new ideas and gained more knowledge of art, architecture, and lots of other things. Many works of art were made during the Early Renaissance.
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The printing press was created and perfected by Johannes Gutenberg. This invention was very important since it helped spread information, and create new books like the Gutenberg Bible. Source: https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/printing-press#:~:text=Goldsmith%20and%20inventor%20Johannes%20Gutenberg,use%20commercially%3A%20The%20Gutenberg%20press. -
The Age of Exploration was a period of time where Europeans explored the world. New continents were discovered and routes to certain places were created. This timespan is very important since we most likely wouldn't have certain trade routes and knowledge of Earth if it weren't for the Age of Exploration.
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The popular artist, Leonardo da Vinci was born in 1452. He made many works of art and over time they became well known. Additionally, the Gutenberg Bible was published in 1454. This was one of the main events in the Renaissance because it would "revolutionize European literacy."
Source: https://www.thoughtco.com/renaissance-timeline-4158077 -
Near the end of the early Renaissance, people began to explore the world. For example, Christopher Columbus discovered new land which is currently called the Bahamas. People discovered new things about the world as they traveled around it, therefore making this event important.
Source: https://www.thoughtco.com/renaissance-timeline-4158077 -
Christopher Columbus is a person who explored a lot of places. In one of his journeys, he accidentally discovered the Caribbeans. Apparently he was intending to discover the East Indies / Asia, but he came across what is now called the Bahamas instead.
Source: https://www.history.com/topics/exploration/christopher-columbus#:~:text=he%20should%20encounter.-,Christopher%20Columbus'%20Ships%3A%20Ni%C3%B1a%2C%20Pinta%20and%20Santa%20Maria,Bahamian%20islands%2C%20likely%20San%20Salvador. -
The Italian Wars began around the years of 1494 and 1495. Lots of the major states of Western Europe were involved, and Italy was invaded. Also, the flow of Renaissance art was helped by Milan being conquered in 1499.
Source: https://www.thoughtco.com/renaissance-timeline-4158077 -
The High Renaissance was the time in the Renaissance where a lot of popular art pieces were created. A lot of different art styles were thought of and applied, and art overall improved in this time period.
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John Cabot was an explorer who traveled to the east coast of North America. His main goal was to discover a route to Asia, so he believed that the land he already came across (North America) was Asia.
Source: https://www.softschools.com/timelines/age_of_exploration_timeline/348/ -
When Julius II was appointed pope, the Roman Golden age was started shortly after. This impacted a lot in Rome, such as peace & order. This also accomplished many things like power expansion, etc.
Source: https://www.thoughtco.com/renaissance-timeline-4158077 -
During the Late Renaissance, a painter known as Titian created many works of art that became well known. He used many different art / painting styles and created popular paintings like the Assumption of the Virgin.
Source: https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/artists/titian -
This event was right after Charles V dismissed or got rid of Rome. The Reformation was "a religious schism which permanently divided Europe spiritually, and was heavily influenced by humanist thinking." (P. 14)
Source: https://www.thoughtco.com/renaissance-timeline-4158077 -
The Protestant Reformation was a period where people protested and tried to reform the Catholic Church and its ways. This occurred in Europe and involved religion.
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Martin Luther was a monk and a teacher who had a big role in the Protestant Reformation. He had certain beliefs that challenged the Catholic Church's beliefs, and they weren't happy about that. The 95 Theses was a book that listed questions and propositions about the Bible.
Source: https://www.history.com/topics/reformation/martin-luther-and-the-95-theses -
Hernan Cortés was an explorer and conquistador who discovered Mexico. In 1521, he landed on this country with weapons, horses, etc. and attacked the people and cities there. These actions of theirs impacted / inspired other conquistadors afterwards.
Source: https://www.softschools.com/timelines/age_of_exploration_timeline/348/ -
This battle was between France and the Holy Roman Empire. In this battle, the French army was split. This most likely caused them to lose the battle, and many of their people died.
Source: https://www.thoughtco.com/renaissance-timeline-4158077 -
The Late Renaissance was a period of the Renaissance where art and subjects relating to art was still focused on. People mostly aimed to draw and create human bodies and even created their own new styles. The Late renaissance also neared the end of the Renaissance overall.
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This person was an Italian monk / writer and he published many tales in this time. This collection was called or known as "Novelle." Apparently he created a collection of 214 novellas, as well.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matteo_Bandello -
The Council of Trent was organized by the pope. This council attempted to improve the church and renew it as well. Not to mention, the Council of Trent was a part of the Counter-Reformation.
Source: https://www.britannica.com/summary/Reformation-Timeline -
Andreas Vesalius was born on December 31, 1514. During the Scientific Revolution, he studied the human body. He made many discoveries about it and studied its anatomy. His discoveries contributed to modern medicine, since he studied the vascular and circulatory system.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Vesalius -
Nicolaus Copernicus was another person who contributed to the new ideas in the Scientific Revolution. At around 1550, he discovered the solar system and came up with the Heliocentric Theory (the idea that the sun was at the center of the universe). This defied the Church and other theories about the Earth being the center of the universe.
Source: https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/nicolaus-copernicus -
The Scientific Revolution was a time where views on science and topics related to it changed a lot. Many new ideas were thought of and humans discovered more things about astronomy, physics, etc.
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The Reformation actually caused some tension, and The Peace of Augsburg calmed this tension down. It was mainly eased because the co-existence of Protestants and Catholics were legalized.
Source: https://www.thoughtco.com/renaissance-timeline-4158077 -
In 1576, Martin Frobisher is focused on finding a Northwest Passage between the Atlantic Ocean and Asia. When he traveled, he spotted land in North America. Today, what he saw was Labrador, Canada. Unfortunately though, his main goal of finding a Northwest Passage was not successful.
Source: https://www.softschools.com/timelines/age_of_exploration_timeline/348/ -
Galileo Galilei was a person who studied astronomy and planets. He's mainly famous for using the telescope, but in 1591, he demonstrated the properties of gravity.
Source: https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/galileo-galilei#:~:text=Galileo%20invented%20an%20improved%20telescope,among%20the%20Catholic%20Church's%20leaders. -
The Edict of Nantes helped end the wars that involved religion and also granted religious liberty to certain people. This edict allowed Protestants to worship publicly and allowed them access to education.
Source: https://www.britannica.com/event/Edict-of-Nantes -
As the Renaissance impacted many people's ideas and creations, it began to come to an end in the early 17th century. Apparently this period ended due to the fall of Rome.
Source: https://www.history.com/topics/renaissance/renaissance#:~:text=By%20the%20early%2017th%20century,to%20the%20Age%20of%20Enlightenment. -
This war was mainly caused by protestants being forced into Catholicism. It was basically a religious conflict and it occurred in Europe. Unfortunately it was one of the most brutal wars in human history.
Source(s): https://www.britannica.com/summary/Reformation-Timeline & https://www.history.com/topics/reformation/thirty-years-war -
Isaac Newton is a very important person who discovered gravity. He came up with the three laws of motion and learned how gravity worked. It is said that an apple fell from a tree and he decided to study how and why that happened. This lead to the discovery of gravity and more later on.
Source: https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/isaac-newton-who-he-was-why-apples-are-falling
