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The Crusades were a series of religious wars with the objective to get back the holy land that was taken, Jerusalem. Jerusalem was ruled by the Muslims for hundred of years, but by the 11th century the Seljuk had it taken over. Threating local Christian populations. https://www.britannica.com/event/Crusades
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Henry the Fifth made a his first expedition to Rome, April 14 1111. Upon his arrival he is crowned holy roman emperor. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor
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Thomas Beckett was murdered in December of 1170. A reason his murder was important was because Thomas Beckett was one of the must influential and important people of the 12th century in Europe. Thomas Beckett argued with the King of England, Henry the II, about the power of the church.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Becket -
The Massacre of the Latins was a large scale massacre of the Roman Catholic, called Latin's, inhabitants of Constantinople. The Capital of the Eastern Roman Empire. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Latins
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The Black Death had stayed inside of Asia and China for the most part since 1344. But later in the late 1340's the Black Death was carried by a trader caring it within using the silk road.
https://www.science.org/content/article/how-europe-exported-black-death#:~:text=The%20medieval%20Silk%20Road%20brought,known%20as%20the%20Black%20Death. -
The Black Death had arrived in Messina in Sicily. It arrived specifically by travelers that had given it to rats.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7513766/
https://www.science.org/content/article/how-europe-exported-black-death#:~:text=The%20medieval%20Silk%20Road%20brought,known%20as%20the%20Black%20Death. -
The Black Death was the beginning of the second plague pandemic. The beginning of the plague had religious groups royalty and peasants worried.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Death -
In 1352, the four thieves potion was thought as a cure to the black death. The four thieves potion was a mixture of cider, vinegar, wine, and some whatever spices you can find.
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The Siege of Orleans was the watershed of the hundred years war between France and England. It was the first major victory of the royal army.
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The printing press was a sheet of metal with ink and it was made a certain way that it could repeatedly make new pages. It was the a major reason for the rest of Europe learning what the bible said and mass produced information not everyone was rich enough to buy.
In School Knowledge -
The Gutenberg Bible was the first book mass-produced. Using a moveable metal type in Europe.
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The Cosimo de Medici was a Italian banker and politician. He started a the Medici Family monarch which would rule through most of the Italian Renaissance.
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The Spanish inquisition was established by the Catholic Monarchs. King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon -
The Sistine Chapel is a Chapel in the Apostolic palace. It is the official resident of the pope.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restoration_of_the_Sistine_Chapel_frescoes -
The Cape of Good Hope was a expedition trying to find a way to Asia without going through Constantinople which was taken over by the Turks. The leader of this expedition was Bartolomeu Dias. The name, Cape of Good Hope was made up by Bartolomeu Dias because he was lucky and happy that he had found it.
In Class Knowledge -
Portugal and Spain become to the early leaders in the age of exploration. They sign the treaty of Tordesillas to split up the new world evenly.
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In 1492 Christopher Columbus made a expedition trying to find a new route to Asia because Constantinople was taken by the Turks. Instead off going to the West Indies where he thought he was. He ended up in the East Indies. Were he meet the people of the Americas, and conquered the Americas. Knowledge from class
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The Joh Cabot voyages to the coast to North America found Newfoundland. Also his finds would help the British have a claim to Canada later on.
https://www.johncabot.edu/about-jcu/who-was-john-cabot.aspx#:~:text=Under%20a%20patent%20granted%20by,Britain's%20later%20claim%20to%20Canada. -
Balboa led a group of around 190 explorers from Spain on ships to the tip of South America. From there they crossed some straights and then found the Pacific Ocean.
https://www.history.com/topics/exploration/vasco-nunez-de-balboa#:~:text=Balboa%20Sees%20the%20Pacific,-By%201511%2C%20Balboa&text=In%20September%201513%2C%20Balboa%20led,del%20Sur%20(South%20Sea). -
Martin Luther 95 Theses were a series of statements claiming that the church's practices were wrong. They said that the church was wrong about indulgences and making people pay for baptisms.
Class Knwoledge -
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The protest reformation in northern and eastern Europe sparked the beginning of the religious wars. These wars were fought between Protestants and Catholics
https://www.timetoast.com/timelines/important-events-during-the-renaissance--2. -
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Ivan conquered large amounts of territory transforming Russia into a multiethnic country. He became the first Tsar of Russia.
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Desiderius was a Dutch renaissance humanist. he was critical of the Calthiloc church.
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King Henry was excomminated by the pope. Looking for a way out of his marriage.
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The peace of Augsburg was a peace treaty between the holy roman emperor and Schmalkalden League. Signed at the imperial city of Augsburg
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Spain's bankruptcy was caused by the king taking out major loans. This created a loss of money and not enough money for the whole country.
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Mobs of the French killed protestants who went against the holy catholic church. It started because King Charles the fourth's sister married King Henry the Fourth ( the future king of France.)
https://www.timetoast.com/timelines/important-events-during-the-renaissance--2 -
A microscope that could enlarge very small things. It was found by two scientist looking through tubes and they saw things through the tubes were enlarged.
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The Edict of Nantes was signed in April 1598 by King Henry IV and granted the Calvinist Protestants of France, also known as Huguenots, substantial rights in the nation, which was in essence completely Catholic.
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The ancient Greeks were the first to use magnetism. William Gilbert was the first person to study this.
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This let Astronomers see farther then they could using just the bare eyes. First used in the Netherlands.
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Galileo Galilei found that four moons orbited Jupiter. He thought that they were a group of stars but found that