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Jan 1, 1348
The black death
Killed 50% of Europeans and marked the final end of the boom times of the 1200 -
Period: Jan 13, 1350 to
Renaissance, Reformation, and Age of Exploration.
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Jan 1, 1400
Humanism
believed in the power of the human will/spirit and one's desire to grow intellectually and spiritually -
Jan 1, 1415
Battle of Agincourt
Henry V and the English longbow men beat the French in what turned out to be a "dead cat bounce" towards the end of the Hundred Years' War. -
Jan 1, 1453
Fall of Constantinople
Fall of Constantinople to the armies of Ottoman Sultan Mehmet II -
Jan 1, 1454
The Gutenberg Bible published; print European literature
first Bible printed from the printing press -
Jan 1, 1478
Spanish Inquisition starts
Dominican priest Tomás de Torquemada as Grand Inquisitor ,he headed for the ranks of Jews and Muslims who had converted to Christianity, followed by assorted other supposed heretics followed by various other people and activities he did not like. -
Jan 1, 1492
Columbus lands in the Carribean
helped exapnd territory -
Jan 1, 1492
Buonarroti: Battle of Lapiths and Centaurs
Rodrigo Borgia appointed Pope, his rule is considered a reign of corruption -
Jan 1, 1499
S Ignatius Loyola
spanish soldier who converted to the religious life in 1521 after being wounded in battle. Not content with this he went on to co-found (with another Basque, S Francis Xavier) the Jesuit Order (the Society of Jesus) in 1534. -
Jan 1, 1500
The Reformation
Gathering groundswell in the early years of the century, given focus and unstoppable momentum by Martin Luther and his Ninety-Five Theses, backed by the spread of printing presses. -
Apr 25, 1500
Benventuto Cellini
Goldsmith and sculptor, remembered just as much for his Autobiography - "a vivid and convincing portrait of the manners and morals both of the rulers of the sixteenth century and their subjects" -
Jan 1, 1502
Calicut treaty
Da Gama forces a treaty on the ruler of Calicut and sets up a trading post -
Jan 1, 1517
95 Theses
Written by Martin Luther in 1517, document of grievances against the Catholic Church (especially indulgences), said that forgiveness of sins could not be directly purchased through money. -
Jan 1, 1517
Diet of Worms
Luther summoned to Worms by Emperor Charles V, refuses to reaffirm his faith in Catholicism, maintained that salvation could only be obtained through faith alone -
Feb 12, 1519
Hernan Cortés lands in Mexico.
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Aug 24, 1520
Andrea Gabrieli
Organist of St Marks Venice from 1566. Writer of madrigals and, most famously, grand music involving several choirs -
Sep 8, 1522
The Vittoria
completed its circumnavigation of the globe -
Jan 1, 1525
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
Most important composer of church music in Italy in the latter fifteen hundreds -
Jan 12, 1525
Dürer
A Course in the Art of Measurement; Battle of Pavia between France and the Holy Roman Empire: end of French claims on Italy -
Jan 1, 1527
The sack of Rome
The grizzly sack and destruction of Rome by a mercenary Landsknecht army of Hapsburg Spanish King and Holy Roman Emperor Charles V -
Jan 1, 1545
The Counter Reformation
The Catholic Church at the long running Council of Trent decides that the Reformation needs to be rolled ,back two of the European instruments used in this were the Jesuits to teach, and an expanded Inquisition to root out and eliminate -
Jan 1, 1555
Peace of Augsburg
Agreement signed by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and a league of Protestant princes, treaty created to officially end struggles between Catholics and Protestants in Holy Roman Empire -
Jan 1, 1558
Elizabeth I succeeds to the throne in England
Start of the English “Golden Age” -
Jan 1, 1564
William Shakespeare
English playwright -
Jan 1, 1572
Camõs
St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre of Protestants in France -
Jan 1, 1579
Grotesque ceilings
46 Ceilings in the East Wing of the Uffizi painted by Antonio Tempesta and Alessandro Allori - after the style of rooms decorated by Fabullus in the palace of Emperor Nero, discovered in Rome in the 1480s and then thought to be "grottoes". -
Formation of the British East India Company
On 31 December 1600, England's Queen Elizabeth I (1533 - 1558 - 1603 (70)) signed the Royal Charter which created the British East India Company -
Joint stock company's
Corporations/partnerships in which 2+ individuals owned shares of stocks in a company, certificates of stock awarded for each contributor. Famous companies included the Dutch East India Company, the Royal English Charter, and others. -
Mercantilism
Economic belief that states foreign trade is basis of country's power and economy, idea of more exports than imports, importance of high tariffs, limiting wages, and maximizing use of domestic resources