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Period: 1300 to
Renaissance
Cultural bridge between middle ages and modern history. Encompassed innovative flowering of Latin and vernacular literature. -
1347
Black Death
Disease spread from traders from all over the Eurasian continent. Death count was an estimated 350-375 million people -
1374
Death of Petrarch
He was a devoted classical scholar who is considered the "Father of Humanism". As Petrarch learned more about the classical period, he began to venerate that era and rail against the limitations of his own time. -
1503
Pope Julius II
Pope Julius II, born Giuliano della Rovere, and nicknamed "The Fearsome Pope" and "The Warrior Pope".He was enormously successful in keeping Italy together politically and militarily. -
1517
Start of the Reformation
Specifically referred to as the Protestant Reformation, was a schism from the Catholic Church initiated by Martin Luther. Specifically referred to as the Protestant Reformation, was a schism from the Catholic Church initiated by Martin Luther. -
1519
Death of Leonardo De Vinci
Many historians and scholars regard Leonardo as the prime exemplar of the "Universal Genius" or "Renaissance Man". Many historians and scholars regard Leonardo as the prime exemplar of the "Universal Genius" or "Renaissance Man". -
Period: to
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period. In reality, this eve began more than two centuries before this date. -
Period: to
Enlightenment
The Enlightenment produced numerous books, essays, inventions, scientific discoveries, laws, wars and revolutions. The American and French Revolutions were directly inspired by Enlightenment ideals and respectively marked the peak of its influence and the beginning of its decline. -
Treatise of Toleration
The Treaties on Tolerance on the Occasion of the Death of Jean Calas from the Judgment Rendered in Toulouse (Pieces Originales Concernant la Mort des Sieurs Calas det le Jugement rendu a Toulouse) is a work by French philosopher Voltaire, published in 1763, in which he calls for tolerance between religions, and targets. -
Period: to
American Revolution
The American Revolution was a colonial revolt that took place between 1765 and 1783. The American Patriots in the Thirteen Colonies won independence from Great Britain, becoming the United States of America. -
British Alliance with Patriot Slaves
Patriots in South Carolina and Georgia resisted enlisting slaves as armed soldiers. African Americans from northern units were generally assigned to fight in southern battles. In some Southern states, southern black slaves substituted for their masters in Patriot service. -
Bunker Hill
The Battle of Bunker Hill was fought on June 17, 1775, during the Siege of Boston in the early stages of the American Revolutionary War. The battle is named after Bunker Hill in Charlestown, Massachusetts, which was peripherally involved in the battle. -
Wealth of Nations
Wealth of Nations is the magnum opus of the Scottish economist and moral philosopher Adam Smith. First published in 1776, the book offers one of the world's first collected descriptions of what builds nations' wealth, and is today a fundamental work in classical economics. By reflecting upon the economics at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. -
Moores Creek
The Battle of Moore's Creek Bridge was a battle of the American Revolutionary War fought near Wilmington in present-day Pender County, North Carolina on February 27, 1776. The victory of North Carolina Revolutionary forces over Southern Loyalists helped build political support for the revolution and increased recruitment of additional soldiers into their forces. -
Charleston Falls To British
After General Henry Clinton sent about 10,000 of his Redcoats to Charleston, in early 1780, General Benjamin Lincoln and his Patriots (who were defending the city and repairing its defenses) were trapped. The most important American port, south of Philadelphia, was under a very effective siege. -
National Assembly
The Estates-General had been called on May 4, 1789 to deal with France's financial crisis, but promptly fell to squabbling over its own structure -
Period: to
French Revolution
The French Revolution was a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France that lasted from 1789 until 1799, and was partially carried forward by Napoleon during the later expansion of the French Empire .A watershed event in modern European history, the French Revolution began in 1789 and ended in the late 1790s with the ascent of Napoleon Bonaparte. -
Legislative Assembly
The Legislative Assembly was the legislature of France from 1 October 1791 to 20 September 1792 during the years of the French Revolution. The Legislative Assembly was the legislature of France from 1 October 1791 to 20 September 1792 during the years of the French Revolution. -
Rights of Man
A book by Thomas Paine, including 31 articles, posits that popular political revolution is permissible when a government does not safeguard the natural rights of its people. Using these points as a base it defends the French Revolution against Edmund Burke's attack in Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790) -
National Convention
The National Convention was the second government of the French Revolution. The Convention numbered 749 deputies, including businessmen, tradesmen, and many professional men. -
Director
The Directory was a five-member committee which governed France from 1795, when it replaced the Committee of Public Safety, until it was overthrown by Napoleon Bonaparte in the Coup of 18 Brumaire and replaced by the French Consulate. In its first two years, the Directory concentrated on ending the excesses of the Jacobin Reign of Terror; mass executions stopped, and measures taken against exiled priests and royalists were relaxed. -
Italian Campaign
The Italian Campaign of World War II was the name of Allied operations in and around Italy, from 1943 to the end of the war in Europe. Joint Allied Forces Headquarters (AFHQ) was operationally responsible for all Allied land forces in the Mediterranean theatre, and it planned and commanded the invasion of Sicily in July 1943, followed shortly thereafter in September by the invasion of the Italian mainland and the campaign on Italian soil. -
Consulate
The Consulate was the government of France from the fall of the Directory in the coup of Brumaire in 1799 until the start of the Napoleonic Empire in 1804. The Consulate made government in France more efficient and abolished most of the remnants of class and privilege. -
Napoleonic Era
The Napoleonic era begins roughly with Napoleon Bonaparte's coup d'état, overthrowing the Directory, establishing the French Consulate, and ends during the Hundred Days and his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo. The Civil Code affirmed the political and legal equality of all adult men and established a merit-based society in which individuals advanced in education and employment because of talent rather than birth or social standing. -
Period: to
Napoleonic Era
The Napoleonic era is a period in the history of France and Europe. It is generally classified as including the fourth and final stage of the French Revolution. -
Battle of Auserlitz
Where napoleon defeated the third coalition it was generally viewed as one of his most brilliant battles. The battle Austerlitz was fought in what is now the Czech republic with napoleon trouncing the armies of the Austrian and Russian empires. -
Treaty of Tilsit
The Treaties of Tilsit were two agreements signed by Napoleon I of France in the town of Tilsit in July 1807 in the aftermath of his victory at Fried land. The first was signed on 7 July, between Tsar Alexander I of Russia and Napoleon I of France, when they met on a raft in the middle of the Newman River. -
Russian Campaign
Napoleon amassed a huge army and marched to Moscow not recognizing the challenges of supplying a large army such a long way from home as the Russian army retreated they applied a scorched earth policy destroying or carrying off anything that might be useful. As they retreated from Moscow they set it on fire. -
German Campaign
napoleons army regrouped in German territory. Battled the coalition successfully in several locations before suffering a decisive defeat in the battle of the nations at Germany's General Blucher.
