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This movement that started in Italy caused an explsionof creativity in art, writing. This was the period callede Renaissance.
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the bubonic plague struck the cities hard, killing up to 60 percent of the population.
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in 1434 Medici won control of Florence's government. Cosimo de Medici died in 1464, but his family continued to control Florence.
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A craftsman from Mainz, Germany, developed a printing press that incorporated a number of technologies in a new way.
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He was a painter, sculptor, inventor, and scientist. He painted one of the best-known portraits in the world the Mona Lisa.
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Mny cities grew rapidly. Urban merchants became wealthy enough to sponsor artists.
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Made a sculpture more realistic by carving natural postures and expressions that reveal personality.
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He is a painter, sculptor, architecdt, and poet. Most famous for the way he protrayed the human body in paointing and sculpture.
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Exchanged sonnets with Michelangelo and hleped Castiglione publish The Courtier.
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The period was named after Queen Elizabeth l.
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It is thought to be a portrait of Lisa Gherardini, who, at 16, married Francesco del Giocondo, a wealthy merchant of Florence who commissioned the portrait.
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Thepainting school of Athens for the poets apartments in the Vatican shows that the scholars or ancient Greece were highly honored.
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A book that poked fun at greedy merchants, hearsick lovers, quarrelsome scholars, and pompous priests.
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He became king of England and he was a devout Catholic.
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He tought scripture at the University of Wittenberg in the German state of Saxony.
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Renaissance ideas began to spread north from Italy.
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In the prince, Machiavelli examines how a ruler can gain power and keep it in spite of hi enemies.
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He wrote the book Utopia. Also tried to show a better model of society.
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He decided to take a public stand agaist th3e actions of a friar named Johann Tetzel.
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Pope Leo X issued a decree threatening Luther with excommunication unless he took back his statements.
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The great turning point in hsi life came ehen he was injured in a war.
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He was summoned to the town of Worms to stand trial. Told to recant, or take back his statements but he refused.
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He discovered that many of his ideas were already being put into practice.
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German peasants, excited by reformers' talk of christian freedom, demanded an end to serfdom.
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He was convinced that the 42-year-old Catherine would have no more children.
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He wrote the book called the Coutier that tought how to become such a person.
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He cafllede parliament into session and asked it to pass a set of laws that ended the pope's power in England.
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German princes who remained loyal to the pope agreed to join forces against Luther's ideas.
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He secretly married Anne Boleyn, who was in her twenties.
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Elizabeth was chargede for teason and she was imprisoned int the Tower of London. She was found guily and beheaded.
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This book expressed ideas about God, salvation, and human nature.
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Jane Seymour gave Henry a son named Edward.
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Members of the religious order for the popes followers called the Society of Jesus.
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Catholic bishops and cardinals agreed on several doctrines.
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Henry died and each of his three children ruled England in turn.
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He was a painter. He was very skillful in portraying large numbers of people.
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Charles, weary of fighting, ordered all German princes, both protestant and Catholic , to assemble in the city of Augsburg.
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The list of books considered dangerous to the Catholic faith.
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Elizabeth was the head of this church. It was he only legal church in England.
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Protestan nobles led by Knox made Calvinism Scotland;s official religion.
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The greatest playwright of all time. He wrote poems and plays, and soon he would be performing at th3e Globe Theater.
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Catholic mobs began hunting for Protestants and murdering them.