Renaissance

Printing Revolutoin

1440

Johann Gutenberg’s invention of movable-type printing helped the spread of knowledge, discoveries, and literacy in Renaissance Europe. The printing revolution also significantly contributed to the Protestant Reformation that split apart the Catholic Church. This invention changed how books were made and also changed people’s lives. Movable type printing was a way to reproduce written material, on paper, by first forming raised letters on small blocks called types.

Leonardo Davinci

Apr 15, 1452

Leonardo Davinci was famous for many things including creating “The Last Supper.” This creation took him from 1495-1498 to complete. This painting is famous because it is an iconic painting that is now in Italy. This painting represents what Davinci thought the last supper with Jesus looked like when he was last alive.

Johan Gutenberg

Feb 3, 1468

Johan Gutenberg was a German blacksmith, goldsmith, printer and publisher who introduced printing to Europe. Gutenberg wrote the book “Forty-Two-Line “Bible, which was the first ever printed mechanical movable type print book in Europe. He completed this book in 1455. The movable type print was considered one of the most important inventions of the second millennium.

Pope Paul iii

Feb 29, 1468

He was the Pope form 10-13-1534 through his death in 1549. He became the Papal throne in an era following the sack of Rome in 1527. Under Pope Clement VII he became Cardinal Bishop of Ostia and dean of the College of Cardinals. When Clement VII dies in 1534, he was elected as Pope Paul III.

Niccolo Machiavelli

Jun 3, 1469

He was an Italian diplomate, politician, historian, philosopher, humanist and writer of the Renaissance. He is best known for writing “The Prince” in 1532, when it was published. This book was written to win the favor of Lorenzo de Medici, the governor of Florence, Italy and whom this book is also dedicated to. He had hoped to get an advisory job/position within the Florentine Government by writing this.

Copernicus

Feb 19, 1473

Nicolaus Copernicus was a Renaissance Reformation Era mathematician and an astronomer who formulated a model of the Universe. He is best known as the first astronomer to bring the idea of the heliocentric solar system. His theory led to the Copernican Revolution which is considered to be the launching point of modern astronomy and the Scientific Revolution.

Michelangelo

Mar 6, 1475

Michelangelo is noted for the artwork “The Sistine Chapel.” The painting took him four years to complete. This took him a long time because he considered himself a sculptor, not a painter. He completed this work beginning in 1508 and completed it in 1512. This artwork currently is in the Apostolic Palace, Vatican City, Italy. One side of this painting tells the story of Moses; one side tells the story of Christ.

Thomas More

Feb 7, 1478

Thomas More, known as Sir Thomas More, and also known as a Saint by the Roman Catholics was an English lawyer, social philosopher, author and statesman. He was known as a Humanist in the Renaissance period. He wrote the book Utopia in 1516, which was about the political system of an imaginary island nation. He was also a councilor to henry VIII and Lord Chancellor of England.

Raphael

1483

Raphael is known for his many works, including “The School of Athens.” This was painted between 1509-1511. This painting is one of the most famous frescoes by the Italian Renaissance. This painting is located in the Apostolic Palace, Vatican City, Italy. This painting represents all of the great mathematicians, philosophers and scientists.

Martin Luther

Nov 10, 1483

Martin Luther, was born 11-10-1483 in Saxony Germany. He was a German theologian and religious reformer in the Protestant Reformation. Martin Luther began a movement that reformulated certain basic tenets of Christian Beliefs. He is said to be one of the most influential figures in the history of Christianity.

Henry Viii

Jun 28, 1491

He was the King of England from 4-21-1509 through his death in 1547. He was the second Tudor Monarch. Henry had 6 wives, which he is best known for. His positive break with the papacy in Rome established the Church of England and began the Reformation.

John Calvin

Jul 10, 1509

John Calvin was a French theologian, pastor and reformer in Geneva during the Protestant Reformation. He was a principal figure in the development of the system of Christian theology later called Calvinism. human soul from death and eternal damnation, in which doctrines Calvin was influenced by. Many Congregations and Presbyterian churches, look to Calvin as the chief of their beliefs, and have spread his works and beliefs throughout the world.

Heloicentric Theory

1543

The heliocentric theory was first proposed by the Greek astronomer and mathematician Aristarchus of Samos. The first predictive heliocentric mathematical model of the motion of the planets was developed by Nicholas Copernicus. The heliocentric theory argues that the sun is the central body of the solar system and possibly the universe and that everything else (planets, asteroids, comets) revolve around it.

Council Of Trent

1545

The Council of Trent was the 19th Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. Considered one of the Church's most important councils, it convened in Trent for three periods between December 13, 1545, and December 4, 1563, as a response to the Protestant Reformation.

Perspective

1550

Perspective in Renaissance Art in Italy during the Renaissance is defined as “parallel lines converging to a single point: this point is called the vanishing point.” Giotto di Bondone is considered the father of perspective during this time. (1277- 1337). Perspective is a geometric representation, that has served as an important piece of artistic development.

William Shakespeare

Apr 26, 1564

William Shakespeare was an English poet, playwright, and actor. He is often referred to as the greatest writer in the English language. He has been called England's national poet. Shakespeare has had many works including 38 plays, 154 sonnets, and two long narrative poems. Many of his plays have been translated into other languages and are performed more often than those of any other playwright.

Rene Descartes

Mar 31, 1596

Rene Descartes was a French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist. He was considered the father of modern western philosophy, in response to his writings. Many of his writings are still studied today. He is a native of the Kingdom of France. He served in the Dutch States Army of Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange and the Stadtholder of the United Provinces. He is considered to be one of the most important people of the Dutch Golden Age.

Isaac Newton

Dec 25, 1642

Isaac Newton was an English mathematician, astronomer, and physicist who is known as one of the most important scientists of all time and a major player in the scientific revolution. His book Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, 1687, began the foundation for classical mechanics. Newton also made contributions to optics, and shared part in the development of calculus. He is also widely known for his Law Of Gravitation.

Humanism

1808

Renaissance Humanism is the study of classical antiquity, studied first in Italy, then spreading across Western Europe in the 14th through 6th centuries. Renaissance humanism came about from the responses to the utilitarian approach associated with medieval scholasticism. Humanists sought to create a citizenry wanting to be able to speak and write with eloquence and clarity.

Inquistion

1908

During the Late Middle Ages and early renaissance, the concept Inquisition significantly expanded in part due to the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Counter Reformation. In the 12th century, The Church charged councils of bishops and archbishops with establishing inquisitions. The first Inquisition was temporarily established in Languedoc in 1184. The Inquisition was permanently established in 1229, run largely by the Dominicans in Rome.