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Lived in Mesopotamia from around 2000-1500 BCE
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Nebuchadnezzar deported the ruling class of Judah
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A priest who was forced to leave during the 1st deportation of Judah. He prophesied and followed the process of remembrance, repentance, and restoration. He lived from 593-573 BCE.
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Nebuchadnezzar deported thousands of more people to Babylon and razed the city
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Initiated by Nebuchadnezzar and outsiders moved in to Judah and occupied the Jewish land
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They defeated the Babylonians.
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Those deported from Judah were returned to Jerusalem and began to rebuild their temple.
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He conquered the area of Judah and the Northern part of Israel.
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This was the translation of the Hebrew Bible into Greek. This allowed for the Hebrew Bible to become accessible to the Western world.
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Ruler who alienated the Jewish community introducing a Zeus cult into the Temple in Jerusalem and created an edict that forced Jews to eat pork (otherwise they would be put to death).
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It is believed that Jesus Christ was born in 2 CE and died somewhere between 30-33 CE.
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Destroyed the 2nd temple
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Jewish followers added a segment to a prayer that condemned those that followed Jesus as the Messiah.
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Ultimately failed, but was able to establish a better relationship with Rome
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Horrible leader that tortured, expelled, and purged Christians and high officials who identified as Christians
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This was a battle between Constantine and his brother. Constantine's vision of the cross occurs here
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Constantine issues this edict which formally ends Christian persecution and granted official tolerance to the Christian faith
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He was a popular preacher that argued that the son was subordinate to the father and that there was a time when the son was not
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Constantine convened this council to settle the debate between Arius and Athansius. It was determined here that the son was not subordinate and that the son was co-eternal with the father.
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Was orphaned at a young age and his primary caregiver became his uncle. He grew up to become a business man and eventually married a wealth, older woman.
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Trade routes connected here and the commercial class rose. (time frame is the early 600s)
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This place was frequented by Mohammad often and this is where he heard the Angel Gabriel tell him to "recite"
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Mohammad debated for 3 years after his experiences at Mt. Hira whether or not to preach was he was given by God.
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Increased persecution of Mohammad occurred after the death of the rest of his close family members
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Mohammad was called to Medina to help mediate and resolve the conflict. It was here that the Hijra originated and a constitution is formed that united the tribes and essentially ended the conflict.
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Mecca is conquered by Mohammad and the Ka'aba is reestablished and purified
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Ali served as the 4th caliph and was the first blood relative of Mohammad since his death.
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The civil power came to the help of a religious power and helped with settling tribal uproars. Pope did not look towards Constantinople for help which angered the emperor of Constantinople.
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A Pope placed a crown on Charlemagne's head after he finished praying and then he bowed down to him (showing his subservience). This action proclaimed Charlemagne emperor.
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Charter made it free from the subordination of bishops and Popes due to the corruption that was present
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Henry wrote a letter to Pope Gregory explaining that the bishops had renounced their obedience to the Pope in an act of rebellion. However, Henry regretted this and meet with Pope Gregory at a castle in Canossa where Pope Gregory granted Henry forgiveness. This marked the submission of civil powers to the religious authority.
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Peace treaty to strike a balance between civic dealings and religious dealings.