-
He was Infante of Spain, Archduke of Austria, King of Hungary and Bohemia, and from 1558 Holy Roman Emperor. -
Carlos V ratifies his son Felipe as a candidate for the Germanic throne, relegating his brother Fernando who aspired to be Emperor. -
By his marriage to Mary I of England, Philip of Habsburg becomes King Consort of England. -
September 25: the peace of Augsburg is signed, ending the religious wars of the Holy Roman Empire so that the rulers of the Empire can freely choose their religion.
-
January 16: In the abdications of Brussels Carlos I King of Spain and V Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, abdicates his two thrones in favor of his son Felipe January 19: Felipe is crowned as Felipe II of Spain. That year he also raises the idea to his wife Mary I of England to annex England to his vast empire, but she rejects it for the time being as she still has to deal with the Protestant reformation of her father King Henry VIII. -
Henry II of France, seeing himself surrounded by the Habsburg domains, decided to support the Flemish rebels, exploding the Italian wars between France and the Holy Roman German-Hispanic Empire. -
January 15: Elizabeth of Tudor is crowned Elizabeth I of England. February 27: Queen Elizabeth I of England re-establishes the Church of England April 2: signing of the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis, King Henry II France recognizes German-Hispanic supremacy and Emperor Philip I obtains preeminence in the Italian peninsula; having as a new ally Manuel Filiberto de Saboya who was appointed governor of the Spanish Netherlands -
January 31: Catherine de Medici, as regent, sends the Edict of Orleans in which the persecution of Huguenots in France is prohibited, which calms down the Protestants a bit. February 27: The Diet of Hamburg requested the abdication of Felipe since his religious persecutions had made him unpopular among the prince-electors, so to mediate with the Diet and the prince-electors he appointed as Governor of the Germanic lands his uncle Ferdinand of Habsburg, who was a more political -
January 17: Signing of the Edict of Saint-Germain, where freedom of worship is recognized for Protestants, especially the Huguenots in France. January 18: Reopening of the Council of Trent, representing the Holy Roman Empire was Francis of Habsburg, King of Hungary -
February 18: Francis Duke of Guise dies while besieging Orleans. March 19: Signing of the Edict of Ambroise between the regent Catherine de Medici and the Huguenot Louis de Bourbon prince de Condé, in which the tolerance of the Huguenots, mainly aristocrats, is allowed, thus ending the first wars of the religion in France. August 29: Emperor Felipe I in the city of Vienna, by means of an imperial decree, creates the Royal Audience of Quito. -
july 31: Ferdinand of Habsburg, Governor of the Germanic Lands, dies in Valencia during a visit to Spain. August 8: Emperor Philip I appoints his cousin Maximilian son of Ferdinand of Habsburg as Governor. November 21: Miguel López de Legapzi arrives in the Philippine archipelago and claims it for the emperor.
-
February 18: In Utrecht a meeting of nobles meets before the persecution of the Protestants by the Spanish, among them Luis de Orange, brother of Guillermo de Nassau. March 1: Foundation of San Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, by the Portuguese. April 27: Miguel López de Legapzi founds the Villa de San Miguel on the Island of Cebu, in the Philippines May 18: Ottomans lie in wait for the island of Malta, which provokes a reaction in Emperor Philip I who sends Catholic troops -
April 5: A meeting of nobles meets with Margarita de Parma as Governor of the Netherlands who request a withdrawal of the Spanish inquisition and respect for freedom of worship. Philip I's response was blunt; denying the request saying that they have to benefit from the Council of Trent and the obligation of Catholicism. May 30: Arrival of the first German settlers to the Viceroyalty of Peru, founding Nueva Postdam (NLT: Cartago/Colombia) with a population
-
February 3: The Diet is summoned in the city of Regensburg. March 13: Battle of Oosterweel, in which rebel Calvinist forces north of Antwerp clashed with Spanish thirds, victory went to the Spanish, 700 men were captured and killed. July 25: Foundation of Santiago de León de Caracas in the Royal Court of Venezuela. July 29: James VI is crowned King of Scotland.
-
June 5: Philip I visits the Netherlands to witness the execution of the counts of Egmont and Horn, the main rebels, in the Netherlands. July 24: The Prince of Asturias and King of the Romans Carlos De Habsburgo dies in Madrid. August 19: Foundation of San Felipe de Habsburgo (NLT: Guaranda/Ecuador) with the second wave of German settlers in the Real Audiencia de Quito.
