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Aug 30, 1500
Land Bridge
The Land Bridge insists that people came from Siberia (Russia) to North America across a land bridge that spanned the current day Bering Strait. The first people to populate North America were believed to have migrated across the Bering Land Bridge while tracking large animal herds. -
Period: Aug 30, 1500 to
Population
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Sep 2, 1500
Relations with the Native peoples
The consequences of the arrival of the Europeans was very hard on the Natives. Their population went down a lot because of diseases and wars caused by the Europeans. The Europeans learned how to survive during the winter with things like clothing and travel (snow shoe and toboggan). They also learned how to eat corn, pumpkins and maple syrup. The Natives learned about weapons, iron tools and foods like salt and bread
They were also shown alcohol and they got addicted since it was new to them. -
Aug 30, 1534
First Voyage
In 1534, Jaques Cartier explored and mapped the Gulf of St-Lawrence. He was looking for gold and other riches but the only things that he found were timber, furs and a lot of fish. The fish was sun dried for the poor and salted for the rich. The primary type of fur that he brought back was beaver because it was easy to kill. -
Aug 30, 1534
Jacques Cartier
Jacques Cartier was a French explorer of Breton origin. He was hired by the king to go to America and Find a route to Asia (turks blocked the route), bring back gold and other riches (didn't find any) and lastly claim land for the king of France. -
Sep 1, 1535
Second Voyage
In 1535, Jaques Cartier sailed up the St-Lawrence River and managed to reach Stadacona. Some natives showed the Europeans how to survive throughout the winter and also how to treat and survive the desease of scurvy. Jaques Cartier returned with native captives. -
Sep 1, 1541
Third Voyage
On Jaque Cartier's last voyage in 1541, he attemped to set up a colony. Unfortunately, he was not successful. Missionaries attempted to convert natives to Christianity and France lost interest for 60yrs. -
A new World Colony
In 1601, the King of France became interested in setting up a New World colony. He decided to send a voyage in 1605 to establish a settlement in Nova Scotia called Port Royal. A man named Samuel de Champlain, who was a French navigator, cartographer, draughtsman, soldier, explorer, geographer, ethnologist, diplomat, and chronicler, was a part of Port Royal. Port Royal failed because of its position -
Creation of New France
Champlain returned to France in 1608 to establish a trading post near Stadacona. This place would be called New France. New France grew quickly because of the Fur Trade which was in high demand a the time. -
Seigneurial Regime
The Seigneurial Regime was the first way of making people come live in New France. In order to prepare and use the land that they had for crops or gardening in this new colony, a method of land division was needed. The king gave pieces of land to Seigneurs or Lords and they would have to develop the land and make money for the king. They would let peasants live and work on the land but they had to pay rent. The money earned from the peasents would then go to the king. -
Jean Talon
After the king took power and he wanted to encourage settlement. The king and his minister, Jean-Baptiste Colbert decided to put an Intendant named Jean Talon in charge His job was to serve as the Intendant of Justice, Public Order and Finances in Canada, Acadia and Newfoundland for two terms: 1663 to 1668 and 1670 to 1672. Jean Talon wanted everybody to come to New France aside from the Huguenots French Protestants. -
5 ways of making people come to New France
Jean Talon wanted everybody to come to N.F. aside from The French Protestant. To populate N.F., Jean Talon came up with 5 ideas. -Soldiers were offered free land if they stayed in N.F. after their service was done. Minor criminals trying to escape going to prison in France could move to N.F. and live there. "Files du roi". Payments were given to couples who married young. Fathers of unmarried girls paid fines. The population increased rapidly from 1663 with 3,000 ppl to 1760 with 70,000ppl. -
British Regime
The British Regime won the battle of Abraham and gained a lot of power. The British took control and only the very wealthy French left New France. They decided to promote immigration more now but they only wanted British English speaking people. A lot of merchants and wealthy businessmen ended up moving. They also made policies to promote immigration like the granting of land to shipping and railroad companies, propaganda posters for New France and immigration agents coming to help immigrants. -
Effects of the Loyalists
After the war when the americans won, the loyalists had to leave. If they didn't they would be killed or harassed. 36,000 loyalists came to Canada and 6,000 loyalists came to Quebec. The English population of Quebec had a sudden increase of 1%-10%. They settled according to the Township system which was squares instead of rectangles for land. They gave their settlements English names. -
Irish Immigration
After 1815, waves of Irish immigration towards Canada occured due to the Irish Potato Famine. The main thing that lured the Irish were the propaganda posters that made canada look like the ideal place to live. The conditions during the passage were gross and diseases spread. The boat that they used to travel was dirty and filled with diseases which killed a lot of people. The irish really wanted to work so they would work for cheaper than the other Candians. This really got the workers mad. -
Gross Ille Cholera epidemic (quarantine station at Grosse-Ile).
Grosse-Ile is an island that was meant for just the sick irish people. They would have to stay there in a dirty hotel type of building until they got healthy and were able to immigrate with the other canadians. Many people died there since it was filled with disease. -
Emigration to the United States and the west
The impact of emigration to the United States and the West on the formation of the population. The overpopulation of the seigneuries leads to emigration to the forest regions of Quebec: Outaouais, Témiscamingue and Western Canada. Emigration to the United States from about 1840 was high since there simply existed more opportunities in the USA. -
Colonization of new regions
Overpopulation and exploitation of forests lead to the opening up of new areas such as Saguenay, Laurentides, Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Mauricie and Outaouais. These new areas opened up and they were encouraged by the church. They were not always successful unless some natural resources were present. -
Relations with the Native population
There were territorial concessions with the Proclamation of 1763. They continued tp have business alliances for the fur trade but From 1850, there was a designation of land reserved for indigenous people. While all this is happening, the French-Canadian population remains the majority due to their high birth rate and the English-speaking minority is growing in response to various waves of immigration. There was also a territorial groupment of different ethnic groups in cities. -
Different Policies to promote immigration
To promote immigration they shared federal-provincial powers with regard to immigration matters under the BNA 1867 (British north america act). They recruited immigrants to populate the Canada and also did land grants by handing over of land to rail companies to settle the west. Waves of immigrants came in following international events such as economic crises and wars. Discriminatory immigration policies lasted until the end of the Second World War and since 1945, it ended -
Colonization of new regions
The effect of the opening up of new regions on the society and territory led to counter emigration towards the United States and a
growth and occupation of territory that opened the outlying regions which are Côte-Nord, Abitibi, Gaspésie, The Laurentians. -
Increase of the urban population
The effect of urbanization on the occupation of territory led to a rural exodus, the development of working class neighbourhoods, a reversal of urban and rural populations and lastly an urban sprawl. The Urban Sprawl was the spreading of urban developments such as houses and shopping centers, on undeveloped land near a city. -
Emigration to the United States and the west
The impact of emigration towards the United States and the West on the formation of the population created a lack of employment in the agricultural sector at the end of the 19th century and the beginning 20th century. It also created Industrialization and brain drain. Brain drain is when your most educated and skilled workers leave to seek better opportunities -
Indian act and oka Crysis
The Indian act involves Aboriginal claims related to the exploitation of natural resources by the government. The Oka Crisis is when Mohawk warriors established road blocks on the borders to their reserves in Oka just outside Montreal, when a golf course wanted to expand its 9 holes onto native land for 78 days. The stand-off finally came to an end without armed conflict, however the issues remained.
