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Algonquins and Iroquois were the first occupants know to the Europeans.
Iroquois: Southern group, were farmers, semi- sedentary and lived in long houses.
Algonquins: Northern group, were hunters, nomadic (followed the migration of the animals) and lived in teepees. -
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The principle reasons why Cartier went on this voyage was because the Turks made a border where they would rob and tax very high when the Europeans tried to cross to Asia and India.
1534- Explored and mapped the Gulf of St.Lawrence, he reported lots of fish but he thought was gold, timber and fur. -
1535- Cartier sailed up the St.Lawrence and reached what is today called Quebec City (Stadacona). Natives showed Europeans to survive winter and scurvy, but they return with Natives held captive.
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Cartier attempted to set up a colony but failed. Missinaries tried to convert natives. France lost interest for 60 years.
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The king of France sent a voyage to Nova Scotia to establish a settlement Samuel de Champlain was part of Port Royal but, failed because of its position.
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Champlain returned to create a trading post with the natives fo fur, near Quebec City (Stadacona) which then was called New France.
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New France expanded not because of population but, because of the fur trading buisness.
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Their was a seigneur who was incharge of the entire block of land and he sold and paid censitaires to cultivate the land they were give. The seigneurs were treated close to royalty. Seigneurs were French.
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The Filles du Roy were brought to New France to help populate the colony by getting married and having children. They were orphans in France.
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Jean Talon helped populate the colony of New France and the law of Mercantilismwas removed. People were given money for getting married young and for having more than 9 children.
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Jean Talon put certain measures in place.
- Soldiers were offered land if they stayed
- Filles du Roy
- Payments were given for people with more than 9 kids
- Payments were given to fathers who's daighters married young -
This didn't effect the population much, but brought many new oppurtunities in the working feilds and created more settlements.
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The Royal Proclamation was mainly for the relations woth the Native population, it is when the British took the French land and gave the Natives some land, Ohio.
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Canadian First Nations owned or traded in slaves, an institution that had existed for centuries or longer among certain groups. 104 were listed in a 1767 census of Nova Scotia, but their numbers were small. Slavery was abolished by the 1800's in the British colonies.
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36 000 loyalists came to Canada
6 000 loyalists came to QC
Loyalists are people who are loyal to the king in Britan. -
The discusions of abolishing slavery. Simcoe was the man who wanted slavery to be abolished becasue he knew that it was against the rules of Christianity.
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The third wave was the Irish. They were hated by the French when they came to New France becasue they would work for less money, therefore the companies would fire the French and hire the Irish and he French would be out a job.
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The French started emigration from new France because they were loosing their jobs because of the Irish. Their were also many new rising oppurtunities in the States.
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The reason the British were so nice and gave land to the Natives was for the fur trade buisness. The Natives didn't want to live the way the British lived.
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In this act was the formation of Canada. The federal and provincial powers split.
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Aboriginal claims related to the exploitation of natural resources by the government. Influenced by the relations with the Native people.
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Immigration recruitment to populate the Canadian and land grants and handing over land to rail companies to settle the west because they fear American invasion. Waves of immigration follow international events. their were discriminatory immigration policies.
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Natives agreed to let the government make a dam to create hydroelectricity. James Bay is known today for its hydro dam and is the biggest in Canada.
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Mawhawk warriors established road blocks on the borders to their reserves in Oka just out side Montreal, when a golf course wanted to expand its 9 holes onto native land. The netives militariy organized themselves and the Canadian Forces were called in to handle the situation. The Oka Crisis lasted 78 days, when the stand-off finally came to an end with out armed conflict, however the issues remained.
