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The little states that formed what is Germany and Italy now, unifided and became independent countries
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It was a war between France and Germany. Germany won and took Alsace-Lorraine from France.
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Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy, became allies, the alliance that they formed was called "Central Powers" or "Triple Alliance" they fought in the WW1 together.
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German Kaiser Wilhelm II, announced his intention to build a powerful German navy.
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The French were planing to take control over Morocco and the Kaiser supported and made a speech saying he supported independence for Morocco. The French's got very angry, so in an international conference that was held in 1906 the Kaiser was humiliated.
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Britain felt threatened because although Germany's navy was much smaller, it was spread all over the world, so that's why in 1906 Britain raised the stakes in the naval race by launching the HMS dreadnoughts.
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On may of the year 1871, the Franco Prussian War was over. Germany was the winning country, and this helped the growth of Germany.