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The Papacy, moved to Avignon in 1305 returned to Rome in 1420.
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From 1436 until its completion in 1440, Johannes Gutenberg worked on creating the first printing press.
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In the mid or late 15th century, the caravel (a small, quick, navigable ship) was made by the Portuguese. This ship was much easier to use when traveling versus the larger, fragile ships used up until that point.
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Christopher Columbus departed Spain in 1492 in search of a shorter route to India, but ended up landing on the eastern coast of America.
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Between 1508 and 1512, Michelangelo worked on painting the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.
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Martin Luther hung up the 95 Theses on a church door in Wittenburg, which helped begin the Protestant Reformation.
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Diogo Riberio created the first scientific world map, Padron Real.
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Nicolaus Copernicus publishes De revolutionibus orbium coelestium, which stated that the sun is now the center of the galaxy.
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Elizabeth I ruled during England's Golden Age (1558-1603) and is credited with much of the growth during that period.
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By 1594, Shakespeare's plays were becoming well-known and performed by the Lord Chamberlain's Men.
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Queen Elizabeth I ruled as monarch of England and Ireland from 1558 until her death in 1603. Her death marked the end of the Northern Renaissance.
