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Samuel de Champlain wanted to establish a permanent trading post upstream from Tadoussac with the East and to spend the winter there.
• When the snow melted, Champlain was ahead of the competition and he could trade on his own with natives first.
• From here he found a site upriver that rose ninety-eight meters above sea level and he also noted that, at this point, the St. Lawrence was only one kilometer wide.
• Champlain decided to call his colony by its Algonkin name, Quebec. -
Created by Cardinal Richelieu, in 1627 formed with a capital of 300,000 livres divided into 100 shares. Displaced the Montmorency company.
• With this company, French associates transport to Canada 4,000 colonist before 1653 and were to be supported during their first three years in the colony.
• In return, the Company was granted in perpetuity the whole country of New France.
• Granted to be the monopoly of the fur-trade -
Urgent appeal came from Canada for religious women to undertake the arduous task of training its Indian girls to Christian habits of life.
• A French widow named Madame de la Peltrie offered herself and all that she had to find a mission in Canada.
• At the death of Marie de l'Incarnation, there was an upper town and a lower town-her convent. The little colony expanded and survived.
• The History of the Ursulines evolved New France .When they began their first work, Quebec was but a name. -
French government entrusted the Compagnie des Cent-Associés with establishing a French empire in North America.Compagnie did not produce the desired result - charter was withdrawn in 1663.
• King Louis had to lead NF, and introduced the Royal Proclamation, giving it what it needed to set up a justice system like that of the mother country
• The political and legal landscape was altered by the imperialistic designs of Great Britain and France, which brought these two powers into conflict -
King Louis XIV of France and Jean Colbert ordered the Governor of New France, to establish a permanent militia force in the colony.
• When the new governor, Louis de Baude, Comte de Frontenac, arrived from France in 1672, he discovered that still, no permanent militia force existed. He began to implement Colbert’s orders
• Frances defenses had to improve.
• Within a year, he had established a permanent militia. Veteran soldiers from the Régiment de Carignan-Salières who had settled in Canada. -
In 1688, François Ruette d'Auteuil, the Attorney General of the colony's Sovereign Council, went to Paris to seek permission for the importation of black slaves from the Caribbean. • The king eventually capitulated despite the weather threats and authorized importation from France’s Caribbean colonies.
• Nevertheless, the number of black slaves in New France remained low compared to a number of Native slaves, especially in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries.
• Built economy! -
French expansion into the Ohio River valley repeatedly brought France into armed conflict with the British colonies.
• British PM recognized the potential of expansion that would come out of victory and credit funded war expansions to dominate.
• By 1760, the French had been expelled from Canada - 1763 all of France’s allies in Europe had either made a separate peace with Prussia or had been defeated.
• The Spanish failed - France then suffered defeats against British forces in India too -
The Treaty of Paris ended the French and Indian War/Seven Years’ War.
• Terms: France gave up all its territories in the mainland and North America, ending the military threat to British colonies in North America
• French negotiator Choiseul acted upon the global debt from this war and proposed the treaty with terms to redistribute lands between the battling nations to end the war.
• French territories west of the Mississippi would become Spanish, along with the port of New Orleans
