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During the late 1000's, the Seljuk Turks, a muslim people from Centeral Asia, gained control of Jerusalem and the area around it- know to Christians as the Holy Land. The Turks went on to attack the Byzantine Empire. Because of this the Byzantine Empire had to call on rome to help. By 1291, when the crusades ended, muslims had regained control of the Holy Land
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The 100 years war was not just one war. It had many stopping periods. It was fought between France and England, but mostly fought in France.
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The Black Death was a plegue that swept through Europe. The plague started out in Asia but eventually spread because of trading ships. About 1/3 of Europes population was wiped away.
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A peasent named Zhu Yuanzhang and his rebel army overthrew the last Mongal emporer. Zhu took the name Hongwu, meaning "Vastly martial' and founded the Ming Dynasty. This ended in 1644.
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He cast the letters of the alphabet onto metal plates and locked those plates inro a wooden press. Other people made steps toward his invention, but Gutenburg is given the credit. His first publication was a 1282 page bible.
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Between 1405 and 1433, the Ming government sponsored a series of seven naval expeditions. Zheng he was the man chosen to lead this great fleet which reached as far as east Africa opening up rich trade routes. By doing this he brought peace and prosperity to war. religeous equality,and setting China on the road to economical dominance over the rest of the world.
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Mehmed II, a strong military leader, was determined to take Constantinople, the Byzantine capital. The Ottamans could not capture Constantineople even though they had conquered the land around it. The Ottamans decided to lead a major sea assault against Constantinople. After about 2 months Constantinople fell.
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Columbus thought he could sail west around the world from spain to reach china. He had no idea the Americas lay across the Atlantic. As a result, about two months after he started sailing he thought he had reached the Asian Islands known as the Indies. So he called the people there Indians
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Da Gama set out for india in 1497. He stopped by many African ports on the way, where he learned many muslim merchants were actively involved in trade. Though the journey took more than 10 months, da Gama and his crew finally reached the city of Calicut in India
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In the 1300, Europe was taken over by starvation, the black death, and warfare. These events could have led to some of the changes after the 1300s. Society began to change and new ideas came about. The ideas led to a sustained period of renewed interest and remarkable developments in art, literature, science, and learning. This became known as the "Renaissance".
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The atlantic slave trade was part of the triangular trade. Europe shipped guns and weapons to Africa, Africa shipped slaves to the Americas, and the Americas shipped goods to Europe. Sometimes the voyage to the Americas took up to six weeks. Slaves had about 4x4 feet of space for each of them. They shipped as many slaves at a time as they could. About 15-20 million slaves were shipped against their will
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The founder of the empire was Esma'il, a 14 year old Boy. In a series of victories, he got what is now Iran, and part of Iraq. During the 1600s the capital, Esfahan, was one of the worlds most magnificent cities.
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Columbus made three voyages to what he thought was asia. It was not until 1502 when Amerigo Vespucci sailed over to the americas and realized it was new land. Later map makers named that land America in his honor
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The Mona Lisa tries to capture the complexity of the human spirit with its mysterious smile.
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The ceiling was painted with scenes from the Old Testament of the Bible.Many art historians consider it one of the greatest achievments in the history of painting. They think this because of the personalized characterizations of characters in the Bible.
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Luther's theses were not meant for the common people of his parish but for church leaders. He contradicted basic catholic beliefs and insisted that God's grace can not be won by good works but by faith alone. He shocked everyone by saying the only head of the christian church is Jesus himself, not the Pope.
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It was the first expedition from the atlantic to the pacific. He was also the fisrt to circumnavigate the Earth. By traveling west from Europe, he reached a region of southeast Asia he had met before by going east from Europe.
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The Mughal Empire ruled most of India and Pakistan in the 16th and 17th centuries. The Mughals were Muslims who ruled a country with a large Hindu majority. They centralised a government that brought together many smaller kingdoms. They also brought alot of persian art and culture to India.
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Phillip II wanted to spread the roman catholic faith and conquer England. He decided to invade england to try and stop hem from raiding his ships. England set 8 ships on fire and spain fled.
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He was createdd prince of whales after his older brother, Arthur, died in 1509. He
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He had heard about the Inca Empire's wealth and hoped to earn some himself. The Inca empire he had found very already very weak due to smallpox. It killed many people including the Emporer. But the new ruler, Atahualpa agreed to meet with the spanish. WHen Atahualpa refused to convert to christianity, the spanish took him prisoner. Even though he gave Pizzaro a huge fortune in gold, they still killed Atahualpa. After that they went to the Inca capital, destroyed their army, and took over.
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Discovered that the Earth revolves around the sun. This idea was not completely new, but Copernicus developed a detailed mathamatical explanation of how the Heliocratic theory worked. He did not publish his discovery because he knew the church would not approve. He published it very late in his life and died not long after.
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The Council of Trent was convened by Pope Paul. They looked over critisisms made by protestants about the Catholic church. The training of priest was regulated and financial abuse was curbed, the sale of indulgences was also abolished.
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She became queen 2 months after the death of her half sister Queen Mary I of England. Elizabeth practiced a policy of strengthening protestant allies and deviding her foes. The pope refused to recongnize her legitamcy. England had become a major world power in every respect, and Queen Elizabeth I passed into history as one of England's greatest monarchs.
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The virginia company of England sailed to a new land. They called it Virginia in honor of Queen Elizabeth I. It was the first permenant settlement of the Brittish in North America.
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His father dies when he was just four, he succeeded his father to the throne. He led an absolute monarchy during France's classical age. He revoked the Edict of Nantes and is known for his aggressive foreign policy.
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At the begining, the Qing court carried out a serious of policies to revive the social economy. The middle period was known as the Golden age. In the feilds of science and technology, the achievments were outstanding.
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It was written during the English Civil War. Much of the book is occupied with demonstrating the necessity of a strong central authority to avoid the evil of discord and civil war. It contains one passage that has been called one of the best know passages in English philosophy.
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England became a commonwealth. Cromwell demanded complete obediance. He clamped down on English social life by closing theaters and limiting other forms of popular entertainment
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Peter became Czar when he was still a child. He thought they needed to be more modernized and to catch up with the rest of Europe. He brought the church under state control, built up russian industry, started the first newspaper in Russia, and sponsered new schools.
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Her reign lasted for 34 years. She reduced the powers of clergy, continued to reserved friendly relations with Prussia, France, and Austria. She was a patron of the arts.
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New Hampshire became the ninth state to ratify the document, and it was subsequently agreed that government under the U.S. Constitution would begin on March 4, 1789. In June, Virginia ratified the Constitution. New York followed in July. On September 25, 1789, the first Congress of the United States adopted 12 amendments to the U.S. Constitution, the Bill of Rights, and sent them to the states for ratification. Ten of these amendments were ratified in 1791.
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There was an unequal structure of French government and society, partially causing the french revolution. King Louis XVI realized he had to change the way people were being taxed or France would never get out of debt. People went crazy and stated attacking everyone, they ended up killing King Louis XVI. Then like 15,000 people where killed with a guillotine!
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Period of violence that occured after the onset of the French Revolution. Incited by conflict between rival political factions, the Girondins and the Jacobins, and marked by mass executions of "enemies of the revolution". This period of time was also known as "The Terror".
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An exciting time of optimism and possibility. It inspired many people throughout europe and beyond. They were excited by the notion that the problems of the world could be solved by educated people.
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Within a few years, Napoleon would rise from an army captain, to ruler of France. Armed supporters of him forced members to turn the government over to napoleon in November 1799. He questioned all voters, did they want France to become an empire? He was declared emporer in 1804.
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After some indecisive battles, the final confrontation pitted Napeleon's troops led by the Duke of Wellington. On June 18, 1815, the armies met near waterloo, a Belgian village.The french and the British both suffred losses at Waterloo, but for Napoleon it was a crushing defeat. It was the end of his military career and the napoleonic Wars.
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Tokugawa Shogunate ruled very strictly. When christianity spread throughout Japan they persecuted anyone who was a christain, including missionaries. At the same time,they began to restict foreign trade and travel. By 1650 Japan had shut their doors to almost all Europeans. This continued for almost 200 years.
