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Tycho Brahe set up an observatory in Hven and studied the stars for 20 years and was able to calculate the position of Mars
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Johannes Kepler publishes Astronomia Nova, which contain his first two laws of planetary motion.
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Galileo Galilei observes Mars with a primitive telescope, becoming the first person to use it to observe the stars.
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Christiaan Huygens draws Mars using an advanced telescope. He records a large, dark spot on Mars and notices that the spot returns to the same position at the same time the next day. He calculates that Mars has a 24 hour period.
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Giovanni Cassini observes Mars and determines that the length of one Mars day is 24h, 40m.
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Miraldi wonders if the "white spots" are ice caps.
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Honore Flaugergues notices "yellow clouds" on the surface of Mars, which were later found to be dust clouds.
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Richard Anthony Proctor publishes a map of Mars with continents and oceans.
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Asaph Hall discovers the moons of Mars. He names them Phobos and Deimos, after the horses of the Greek war god, Ares.
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U.S. flyby spacecraft Mariner 4 returned 21 images.
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United States orbiter and lander Viking 1 located the landing site for Lander and is first successful landing on Mars.
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United States lander Mars Global Surveyor took more images than all Mars Missions.
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Pathfinder US Success Technology experiment lasting 5 times longer than warranty
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The Unites States Odyssey successfully returned high resolution images of Mars.
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United States Mars Science Laboratory (aka Curiosity) is successfully exploring Mars' habitability
