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This fact marks the end of the Roman Empire, the western empire disappears while the Byzantine eastern empire survives. -
Gregorian chant is the church's own music, born in the church's liturgy. Its texts are almost entirely scriptural, coming for the most part from the Psalter. For centuries it was sung as pure melody, in unison, and without accompaniment, and this is still the best way to sing chant if possible.
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The birth of Islam was a major problem for Europe and the Middle East. The Eastern Roman Empire began to suffer from the year the constant attack of the forces of Islam in their eagerness to conquer the lands of the infidels. Byzantium was losing ground to the Arabs. -
The Hundred Years' War between France and England between 1337 and 1453 became the longest war conflict in Europe.
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Marked in the first centuries by monody, in particular represented by religious plainchant and in the secular sphere by the courtly lyric of the troubadours and troubadours. -
Boy bishop, boy chosen to act as bishop in connection with the Feast of the Holy Innocents on December 28, in a custom widespread in Europe during the Middle Ages. -
Gütemberg's printing press, an essential invention that begins written culture; and prints the first bible.
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The Byzantine Empire fell once and for all in the year 1453 CE, when the Ottoman Empire broke through the walls of Constantinople with cannons and seized control of the capital city. The last Byzantine Emperor, Constantine XI, died in that battle. -
The fall of Constantinople into the hands of the Turks was a historical event that put an end to the last vestige of the Eastern Roman Empire. -
A group of Spaniards led by the Italian Christopher Columbus arrived on an island called Guanahaní after crossing the Atlantic Ocean.
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This composition was a combination of different forms, languages and
polyphonic textures. It was a mixture of comic and serious topics. It was very popular
in courtly events. -
The school of Athens has come to symbolize the marriage of art, philosophy and science; a hallmark of the Italian Renaissance. -
Also called the revolution of the common man; it was a popular revolt in the Holy Roman Empire between 1524 and 1525. It consisted, like the preceding Bundschuh movement and the Hussite wars, of a series of revolts, both economic and religious, by Catholic peasants, citizens and nobles who had turned to Luther's Protestantism. The movement had no common program. -
The Scientific Revolution was a series of events that marked the emergence of modern science.
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Based on popular poetic ballads that told both true and fictional
stories. It consisted of four different musical phrases and sometimes had
instrumental accompaniment. -
French Revolution, also called Revolution of 1789, revolutionary movement that shook France between 1787 and 1799 and reached its first climax there in 1789—hence the conventional term “Revolution of 1789,” denoting the end of the ancien régime in France and serving also to distinguish that event from the later French revolutions of 1830 and 1848.
