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The middle ages begin with the fall of the Western Roman Empire -
During this time the Gregorian chant was developed. It's also known as plainchant or plainsong and named after Pope St. Gregory the Great. This pope was credited with bringing it to the West.
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Around this time when a new method to teach singing was invented by a Benedictine monk and choirmaster named Guido de Arezzo. He is regarded as the inventor of modern musical notation. -
The Battle of Hastings was fought on 14 October 1066. The Franco-Norman army of Duke William II of Normandy clashed with the Anglo-Saxon army of King Haroldo II. It was the beginning of the Norman conquest of England. -
The Domesday Book is England’s earliest surviving public record, unsurpassed in depth and detail until the introduction of censuses in the 19th century. -
The Battle of Legnano was a battle between the Imperial army of Frederick Barbarossa and the troops of the Lombard League on 29 May 1176, near the town of Legnano, in present-day Lombardy, in Italy. They clashed suddenly without having time to plan any strategy. The battle was crucial in the long war fought by the Holy Roman Empire in an attempt to assert its power over the municipalities of northern Italy, which decided to put aside their mutual misunderstandings.
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This cathedral is regarded as one of the leading examples of English Gothic architecture. It took only 38 years to build, . Since the Lincoln Cathedral collapse in 1549, Salisbury has had the tallest church spire in the United Kingdom.
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The Renaissance was an intellectual and artistic movement. Hummanism was created and religion was beginning to lose it's foothold on society. The arts began to grow and expand and this time also saw the creation of science. -
The Middle Ages end with the fall of the Byzantine Empire -
Cosimo di Giovanni de Medici or Cosimo the Elder was an Italian politician and banker, founder of the Medici dynasty, effective rulers of Florence for much of the Italian Renaissance. -
The Wars of Italy were a series of conflicts between 1494 and 1559 that involved, on different occasions, the main states of Western Europe. Initially a dynastic dispute over France's hereditary rights to the Duchy of Milan and the Kingdom of Sicily Citerior, the wars quickly developed into territorial and power struggles between the various participants, marked by alliance games, counter-alliances and frequent betrayals.
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Experimentation with French chansons. Known composers during this period were Clément Janequin and Claudin de Sermisy.
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Protestant Reformation sparked by Martin Luther. Significant changes occurred to church music such as the introduction of a chorale. It was also the period when the Psalms of the Bible were translated into French and then set to music. -
The Catholic church censored artists and writers in response to the Protestant Reformation. Many Renaissance thinkers feared being too bold, which stifled creativity. Furthermore, in 1545, the Council of Trent established the Roman Inquisition, which made humanism and any views that challenged the Catholic church an act of heresy punishable by death. By the early 17th century, the Renaissance movement had died out, giving way to the Age of Enlightenment.