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The overthrow of Romulus Augustulus, the last Roman emperor in the West, in 476 AD -
the departure of Mohammed from Mecca to Medina in 622 ad; the starting point of the Muslim era -
The organum was developed. It is an early form of counterpoint, which eventually led to polyphony. This type of song had a plainchant melody with at least one added voice to enhance the harmony. There is no real independent second voice, so, it is not yet considered polyphony.¡ -
The Mosque-Cathedral of Cordoba is a mosque turned cathedral in the city of Cordoba, Spain. It is dedicated to the Assumption of the Virgin Mary. According to history, it has its origins dating back to the year 785 when it served as a mosque and was known as the Mezquita or Great Mosque of Córdoba, which was locally referred to as Mezquita de Córdoba. In modern times, the Cordoba Mosque or the Mosque-Cathedral of Córdoba.
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The turning point came on 8 June of that year when the Vikings launched an attack on the wealthy and unprotected monastery-island of Lindisfarne. Though it was not technically the first raid on the British Isles it marked the first time the northmen had sent shivers of fear throughout the Kingdom of Northumbria, England and wider Europe. -
This period is the age of the Goliards. The Goliards were a group of clergy who wrote satirical Latin poetry to mock the church. Some known Goliards were Peter of Blois and Walter of Chatillon
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During the 14th century, a cultural movement called humanism began to gain momentum in Italy. Among its many principles, humanism promoted the idea that man was the center of his own universe, and people should embrace human achievements in education, classical arts, literature and science.
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The Mongol invasion in the 13th century had great impact on the east of Europe, as many countries of the region were invaded, pillaged, conquered
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The Renaissance is generally considered to have started in Florence, Italy around the years 1350 to 1400. The start of the Renaissance also was the end of the Middle Ages. -
In 1450, the invention of the Gutenberg printing press allowed for improved communication throughout Europe and for ideas to spread more quickly. -
The lifetime of Guillaume Dufay, a French and Flemish composer, popular as a leading composer of the early Renaissance. He is known for his church music and secular songs. One of his compositions, "Nuper Rosarum Flores" was written for the consecration of Florence's great cathedral -
Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire, fell to the hands of the invading Ottoman Empire -
Italian explorer Christopher Columbus made landfall in what is now the Bahamas. Columbus and his ships landed on an island that the native Lucayan people called Guanahani -
Experimentation with French chansons. Known composers during this period were Clément Janequin and Claudin de Sermisy.
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The Renaissance as a unified historical period ended with the fall of Rome in 1527. -
By the early 1550s, it was apparent that a negotiated settlement was necessary. In 1555 the Peace of Augsburg was signed. The settlement, which represented a victory for the princes, granted recognition to both Lutheranism and Roman Catholicism in Germany, and each ruler gained the right to decide the religion to be practiced within his state.