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The coffee House where a litterary meeting Place that Sprang up across the Europe around 1650 in this Place people they debate politics, gossip, science, literature and politics while discussing could drink coffee or gin -
Is the leipziger zeitung appeared in Germany -
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English periodical, published in London in 1622, was A Current of General News, printed by Archer and Bourne. -
The Enlightenment was a European intellectual movement that developed in the 17th and 18th centuries with the aim of freeing man's mind from ignorance, superstition and obscurantism through knowledge and science. -
Enlightened thinkers not only wanted to understand the world but to improve it. as benign and beautiful rather than decayed and corrupted by sin. Nature meant human nature and the physical environment, The response to nature changed, it became emotional and moral. There was a new taste for landscape paintings, to be regarded as a typically English genre. This rational age aimed at improving nature, as it did with human society. -
English women were more independently active in social and cultural life than women on the Continent. They visited friends, attended the theatres and coffee houses where they were previously banned. -
the harmony between man and nature as well as the hierarchical organisation of gentry estates and tenant farms. -
Enlightenment was characterised by faith in reason in order to achieve happiness. Reason questioned traditional doctrines, especially religious assumptions. Reason was developed by education, and education became a catalyst of social and political change.
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The Review. At first this publication was weekly and then it became thrice-weekly (1704-13). It was the main government organ and its political stance corresponded with that of the Tories. It also covered religion, trade, manners and morals. -
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The new optimism and the belief that reason could improve society and discover new horizons encouraged exploration. -
