-
Sharecropping/ Tenant farming
southern plantation owners were challenged to find help working the lands that slaves had farmed. taking advantage of the former slaves desire to own their own farms, plantation owners used arrangements called sharecropping and tenant farming. -
Black Codes
laws that attempted to control every aspect of black life in many southern places. like you couldn't look at whites or sell or even purchase anything. -
13th amendment
officially abolished slavery in america, and was ratified on december 6, 1865, after the conclusion of the american civil war. The amendment states neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the united states, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. -
14th amendment
all persons born or naturalized in the united states and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the united states and of the State wherein they reside. no State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the united states -
15th amendment
to the united states constitution prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's race, color, or previous -
Lynching
killing someone deemed guilty of crime without a trial or even proven to be guilty. this was a way to control the black population mainly in the south. -
Jim Crow Laws
were a number of laws requiring racial segregation in the united States. these laws were enforced in different states between 1876 and 1965. jim crow laws provided a systematic legal basis for segregating and discriminating against african americans jim crow was a racist term for a black person. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
The case upheld the constitutionality of segregation under the separate but equal doctrine. which this African-American train passenger Homer Plessy refused to sit in a Jim Crow car, breaking a Louisiana law. Rejecting Plessy’s argument that his constitutional rights were violated, the Court ruled that a state law that implies merely a legal distinction between whites and blacks did not conflict with the 13th and14th Amendments. -
19th amendment
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. or in other words women have the right to vote now -
Civil Disobedience
the refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest -
20th amendment
is a simple amendment that sets the dates at which federal united states government elected offices end. In also defines who succeeds the president if the president dies. -
Federal housing authority
is to make credit more available to lenders for home repairs and construction and to make better housing available to low and moderate income families -
Brown v. Ferguson
united states supreme court case in which the court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional -
Desegregation
the ending of racial segregation and backs were being treated -
Rosa parks
rosa parks took the place and idea of this 15 year old black girl that refused to give her seat up on the bus for a white person because they 15 year was pregnant. the NAACP thought rosa would be a better figure head since she was older and everything. so rosa sat on a bus and refused to give up her seat so she was arrested. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
it was when all blacks stop riding the buses they would either walk or drive or someone would drive them to where ever they needed. and because of this the bus company was losing a lot of money because most there riders were blacks. it ended with scouts case Browder v Gayle that said segregated buses were unconstitutional. -
Civil rights act of 1957
protected voting rights and 1st civil rights legislation since reconstruction. it established federal civil rights commission investigates discrimination. it also prevented interference in voting. -
Orville Faubus
best known for his stand in the desegregation of the little rock high school where he ordered Arkansas national guard to stop african american students from entering the school and because of that the president sent the U.S. army to escort the students to and from school for a year. -
Sit-ins
sit in was a way that african americans were staying to get there point across. most well known sit-ins happened in greensboro north Carolina. when 4 students sat in a restaurant that wouldn't serve blacks but more people kept joining in like over 300 more till let got what they wanted. -
Nonviolent Protest
it is achieving goals such as social change through symbolic protests, civil disobedience, economic or political and thats what King and everyone else did for the civl rights movement -
George Wallace
ran on a platform of racial segregation and states' rights and was backed by the Ku Klux Klan, he was the governor of Alabama. His inaugural speech concluded with the infamous line, "Segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever." very pro segregationist -
Head start
at the 50th anniversaries of the civil rights act of 1964 and the economic opportunity act of 1964, it is fitting that we remember that Head Start was made by President Lyndon B. Johnson's war on poverty in the middle of the civil rights movement of the 1960s -
Affirmative action
refers to admission policies that provide equal access to education for those groups that have been historically excluded or underrepresented, such as women and minorities or colored -
Cesar Chavez
was a prominent union leader and labor organizer. Chavez founded the national farm workers association stressing nonviolent methods, Chavez drew attention for his causes by boycotts, marches and hunger strikes. -
Martin Luther King Jr.
leader of the civl rights movement. he advocated nonviolent civil disobedience and demanded equal rights for blacks including desegregation in all public facilities and life. -
Betty Friedan
She helped advance the women’s rights movement as one of the founders of the national organization for women. She advocated for an increased role for women in the political process and is remembered as a pioneer of feminism and the women’s rights movements. -
24th amendment
passed in 1964. prevents congress and the states from requiring a poll tax before you can vote. -
Civil rights act of 1964
introduced by JFK. abolished racial religious, and sex discrimination by employers. could not be denied hire or fired for any of the above reasons. ended unfair voting requirements. -
Veteran rights act of 1965
signed into law by president Lyndon Johnson. prevented african americans from exercising their right to vote under the 15th amendment to the constitution of the united states. -
Hector P. Garcia
civil rights advocate, and founder of the american G.I. forum.he was instrumental in the appointment of vicente t. ximenes, a mexican american and a american G.I. Forum charter member, to the equal employment opportunity commission in 1966. Garcia was named as alternate representative to the united nations in 1967 -
Thurgood Marshall
is a distinguished lawyer and he argued and won brown v board of education. Also chief legal counsel for NAACP. 1st african american supreme court justice. -
Lester Maddox
governor of Georgia and former restaurant owner who refused to serve blacks. He was a segregationist however he oversaw many improvements to black employment rights as governor. -
26th amendment
prohibits the federal government and the states from denying the ability to vote based on age thus lowering the voting age to 18 -
Title 9
no person in the united states shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits or anything or education program or activity receiving who they
