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Period: to
1800-1920 russia
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Alexander I
Inherited the throne open to liberal ideas. The new czar eased censorship and promoted education. He even talked about freeiing the serfs. -
alexander I
Alexander had drawn back from reform. He feared losing the support of nobles. At the congress of vienna he joined the consevative powers in oppising liberal and nationalist impulses in Europe. -
Decembrist revolt
A group of army officers led this uprising when alexander I died. They had picked up liberal ideas while fighting Napoleon in western Europe and now demanded a constitution and other reforms. The new czar, nicholas I, suppresssed the Decembrist and cracked down on all dissent. -
Alexander II
Came to throne during the crimean war.
Emancipation of serfs: liberals demanded changes, and students demonstrated for refom. Pressed from all sides Alexander II finally agreed to reforms. -
Alexander II
Zemstvos: Elected assemblies that were made responsible for matters such as road repair, schools and argirculture -
Alexander II
In 1861 he issued a royal decree that required emancipation or freeing the serfs. Freedom brought problmes. Former serfs had to buy the land the had worked for so long. Many were too poor to do so. Also, the lands allotted to peasants were often too small to farm efficiently or to support a family. As a result, peasants remained poor and discontent festered. Still, emancipation was a turning point many peasants moved to the cities,taking jobs in factories and building russian industries. -
march 1881
Terrorists hurled two bombs at Alexander's carriage. One struck down several gaurds.The second one killed the leader known to some as the "czar emancipater". -
Nicholas II
Son of Alexander III count serge witte, finance minister of nicholas, focused on economic developement. Encouraged railroad building.
Trans-Siberian railroad: 1890's: linked European Russia to the pacific ocean. Loans from france helped build this railroad. -
Vladimir Ulyanov
Older brother had been executed for plotting to kill ALexander III. He used alias, or false name-lenin. In 1917 lenin would take power in revolution that transformed Russia. -
War with Japan
war between russia and japan. nicholas II called on his people to fight for "the faith, the czar, and the fatherland". but despite their efforts, the russians suffered one humiliating defeat after another -
Bloody Sunday
As people approached, they saw troops lined up across the square. Suddenly gunfire ran out. Men and women ran and fell. More shots left 100's dead or wounded in the snow. Bloody Sunday killed the peoples faith and trust in the czar. -
Peter Stolypin
NIcholas peter stolypin as the new prime minister, arrests, programs and executions followed as the consevative stolypin to restore order. He soon realized that russia needed reform not just repression. he introduced moderate land reforms to regain support. he strengthened the zemstvos and improved education. but these reforms were too limited to meet the broad needs of russians. and dissatisaction still simmered. -
Rovolution of 1905
October manifesto: Nicholas promised "freedom of person, conscience, speech, assembly and union." he agreed to summon a Duma: or elected national legislature. No law, he declared, would go into effect without approval by the Duma. -
Peter Stolypin
Stolypin was assasinated.
