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He was born on March 13, 1845 in Radzymin, Congress Poland
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In 1866 he graduated from the historic "Main School" a predecessor of the University of Warsaw and was awarded a scholarship of the Russian Imperial Ministry of Education, he went on to study at universities around the world.
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In the mid-1870s he established the Kazan School of Linguistics and served as a Professor there for awhile.
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The Leningrad school of phonology, the Moscow school of phonology and the Prague school of phonology all arose directly from his distinction between Add to dictionary physiophonetic and psychophonetic alternations.
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In 1925 he became the co-founder of the Polish Linguistic Society
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Jan Baudouin de Courtenay died on November 3, 1929 at the age of 84